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Salud ósea en el cáncer: perspectivas sobre el uso de agentes osteoanabólicos
Tariq Chukir1, Hanna Taipaleenmäeki2,3, Melody Cheung4
1Medical Education Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los agentes osteoanabólicos pueden ofrecer nuevas formas de mejorar la salud ósea en pacientes con cáncer, reduciendo potencialmente los riesgos de fractura más allá de los tratamientos actuales. Sin embargo, la consideración cuidadosa de los riesgos frente a los beneficios es crucial debido a los datos limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- La ortopedia
- Farmacología
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer y sus tratamientos perjudican significativamente la salud ósea, aumentando el riesgo de fracturas.
- Las terapias antirresortivas actuales (bisfosfonatos, denosumab) reducen los eventos esqueléticos, pero pueden no mitigar por completo el riesgo de fractura.
- Se necesitan nuevas estrategias para controlar las complicaciones óseas relacionadas con el cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el papel potencial de los agentes osteoanabólicos en la gestión de la salud ósea en pacientes con cáncer.
- Explorar las preocupaciones teóricas y los desafíos clínicos asociados con el uso de agentes osteoanabólicos en esta población.
- Evaluar las pruebas actuales de los estudios preclínicos y clínicos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de la literatura existente sobre los agentes osteoanabólicos en el cáncer.
- Análisis de los datos preclínicos sobre la hormona paratiroidea y los anticuerpos contra la esclerostina en modelos de cáncer.
- Discusión de los retos de la gestión clínica y las consideraciones de riesgo-beneficio.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudios preclínicos muestran resultados mixtos para la hormona paratiroidea y resultados prometedores para los anticuerpos contra la esclerostina en el cáncer.
- Todavía no se han establecido conclusiones definitivas sobre la eficacia y seguridad en pacientes con cáncer.
- Existen riesgos teóricos tanto para los sobrevivientes de cáncer como para los pacientes con cáncer avanzado.
Conclusiones:
- Los agentes osteoanabólicos representan una vía terapéutica potencial para mejorar la salud ósea en el cáncer.
- Es esencial evaluar cuidadosamente el riesgo-beneficio antes de considerar su uso en pacientes con cáncer.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar el papel y la seguridad de estos agentes en oncología.
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