Los efectos de la intervención musical en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras durante el tratamiento: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis
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Bin Chen1,2, Riti Qiu3, Hua Huang4
1West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Frontiers in neurology
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
La intervención musical reduce significativamente el dolor y la ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras. Este metanálisis de cuatro ensayos controlados aleatorizados (ECA) confirma que la
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cuidado de quemaduras pediátricas
- La medicina basada en la evidencia
- Investigación de la musicoterapia
Sus antecedentes:
- Las quemaduras son una de las principales causas de muerte y lesiones accidentales en los niños.
- El tratamiento de quemaduras pediátricas presenta desafíos clínicos significativos.
- La intervención musical es prometedora para controlar el dolor y la ansiedad en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar un metanálisis que evalúe el impacto de la intervención musical en el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- Para sintetizar la evidencia de ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA) sobre la eficacia de la música en el cuidado de quemaduras pediátricas.
- Evaluar el efecto de la música en el dolor, la ansiedad, la frecuencia cardíaca y la frecuencia respiratoria en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda exhaustiva en la base de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library).
- La inclusión de ECA en inglés que evalúan la intervención musical en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- Evaluación de la calidad utilizando la herramienta Cochrane de riesgo de sesgo y las directrices PRISMA.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron cuatro ECA en los que participaron 158 pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras (de 1 día a 20 años).
- La intervención musical demostró un efecto positivo estadísticamente significativo en la reducción del dolor (SMD = -0,43) y la ansiedad (SMD = -0,66).
- No se observó una reducción significativa de la frecuencia cardíaca (SMD = 0,20) o de la frecuencia respiratoria (SMD = -0,21).
Conclusiones:
- La intervención musical es efectiva para aliviar el dolor en pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- La intervención musical reduce significativamente los niveles de ansiedad en niños y adolescentes con quemaduras.
- La investigación adicional puede explorar el impacto de la música en los parámetros fisiológicos en el cuidado de quemaduras pediátricas.
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