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El desarrollo de la pubertad y el inicio del consumo de sustancias entre los jóvenes de los Apalaches: un estudio
Francesca G De Geronimo1, Christa Lilly2, Steven M Kogan3
1Department of Human Development, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Substance use & misuse
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
La pubertad temprana aumenta a los niños
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud de los adolescentes
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Investigación sobre el uso de sustancias
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo de la pubertad influye significativamente en el comportamiento de los adolescentes.
- Comprender el inicio del uso de sustancias en la escuela media es crucial para la prevención.
- Los jóvenes de los Apalaches enfrentan factores únicos de desarrollo y medio ambiente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la relación entre el momento y el ritmo de la pubertad y el inicio del consumo de sustancias.
- Investigar estos vínculos en los estudiantes de secundaria de las comunidades de los Apalaches.
- Estratificar los análisis por sexo/género para identificar los efectos diferenciales.
Principales métodos:
- Encuestas escolares longitudinales administradas a estudiantes de sexto a octavo grado (n=2587) a intervalos de seis meses.
- Datos autoinformados sobre el desarrollo de la pubertad y el inicio del consumo de cannabis, alcohol y tabaco.
- Modelado de la curva de crecimiento latente (LGCM) utilizado para analizar los predictores del inicio del consumo de sustancias.
Principales resultados:
- La pubertad temprana se correlacionó con una mayor probabilidad de inicio del consumo de cannabis y alcohol en los niños.
- No se encontró una asociación significativa entre el momento de la pubertad y el inicio del consumo de sustancias en las niñas.
- El ritmo de la pubertad (tasa de desarrollo) no se asoció con el inicio del consumo de sustancias para ninguno de los sexos.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo precoz de la pubertad es un factor de riesgo potencial para el consumo precoz de sustancias, especialmente en los niños.
- Los resultados sugieren la necesidad de estrategias de prevención específicas.
- Se recomiendan programas de intervención iniciados en el primer año de la escuela intermedia.
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