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Una Perspectiva de Biología de Sistemas en el TDAH Infantil: Desregulación Neuroquímica, Interacciones

Norah Suliman Alsoqih¹, Elsayed A Elmorsy², Rasha Abu-Khudir³

¹Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|September 4, 2025

Resumen

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es una afección del desarrollo neurológico que afecta a todas las edades. Esta revisión explora la biología, el desarrollo y los nuevos tratamientos farmacológicos del TDAH.

Área de la Ciencia:

Trastornos del desarrollo neurológico
Psicología infantil
La neurociencia

Sus antecedentes:

El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) es una afección neurológica prevalente con inicio en la infancia.
Los síntomas principales incluyen falta de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad, que afectan el funcionamiento académico, social y ocupacional.
La presentación del TDAH varía según los grupos de edad y se caracteriza por mecanismos biológicos complejos y multifactoriales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los aspectos biológicos y del desarrollo del TDAH.
Incorporar los hallazgos de las investigaciones científicas recientes sobre el TDAH.
Explorar las estrategias terapéuticas farmacológicas emergentes para el manejo del TDAH.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura centrada en la biología y el desarrollo del TDAH.
Análisis de las contribuciones de la investigación científica moderna.
Examen de las nuevas intervenciones farmacológicas.

Principales resultados:

El TDAH tiene fundamentos biológicos complejos, incluyendo trastornos neuroanatómicos y neuroquímicos.
Las trayectorias de desarrollo influyen significativamente en la presentación y la heterogeneidad del TDAH.
Los nuevos enfoques farmacológicos ofrecen potencial para mejorar el manejo del TDAH.

Conclusiones:

Comprender los factores biológicos y de desarrollo del TDAH es crucial para abordar su heterogeneidad.
La investigación continua de los mecanismos neurobiológicos es esencial.
Las terapias farmacológicas emergentes son prometedoras para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento del TDAH.

Palabras clave:

Mecanismos del TDAH Disfunción de la PFC Las vías dopaminérgicas Desregulación de los neurotransmisores Intervenciones farmacológicas

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