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Dermatitis atópica, tromboembolismo venoso y cáncer: un análisis de cohorte
Sissel Brandt Toft Sørensen1,2, Cecilia H Fuglsang3, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó4
1Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con dermatitis atópica y tromboembolismo venoso enfrentan un mayor riesgo de cáncer oculto, especialmente en el primer año después del diagnóstico. Este hallazgo pone de relieve la importancia de la vigilancia de las neoplasias subyacentes en este grupo de pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Dermatología
- En el campo de la oncología
- Medicina vascular
Sus antecedentes:
- La dermatitis atópica es reconocida como un factor de riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV).
- La TEV puede ser un indicador temprano de cáncer subyacente no diagnosticado.
- La asociación entre la dermatitis atópica, la TEV y el riesgo subsiguiente de cáncer requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar si el tromboembolismo venoso en pacientes con dermatitis atópica sirve como marcador de cáncer oculto.
- Cuantificar el riesgo de cáncer tras el primer diagnóstico de TEV en individuos con antecedentes de dermatitis atópica.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte basado en la población utilizando registros de salud daneses (1980-2022).
- Identificación de 582 pacientes con una primera TEV y antecedentes de dermatitis atópica.
- Cálculo del riesgo absoluto de cáncer y las proporciones de incidencia estandarizadas (SIR), con la muerte como un evento competitivo.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó un riesgo absoluto de cáncer del 1,7% en el primer año posterior a la TEV (SIR 2,90).
- El SIR para el cáncer general disminuyó a 1,12 en los años de seguimiento posteriores.
- Se sugiere un mayor riesgo de cáncer después de la TEV en pacientes con dermatitis atópica, especialmente durante el primer año.
Conclusiones:
- Un tromboembolismo venoso en pacientes con dermatitis atópica puede indicar un mayor riesgo de cáncer oculto.
- El aumento del riesgo de cáncer parece más pronunciado en el primer año después de la TEV.
- Debido a las estimaciones de riesgo imprecisas, se justifica una investigación adicional con cohortes más grandes.
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