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Salud materna y neonatal en las comunidades negras de Canadá: una revisión de los estudios epidemiológicos
Ebonee Lennord1, Elsie Amoako2, Maya Rajasingham1
1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Las disparidades raciales en la salud materna y neonatal existen en Canadá, con individuos negros que enfrentan tasas más altas de resultados adversos. Se necesitan más datos nacionales para comprender estas desigualdades en salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
- Equidad en salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las disparidades entre negros y blancos en la salud materna y neonatal son reconocidas a nivel mundial, lo que indica importantes desigualdades en la salud.
- La investigación existente sobre estas disparidades dentro de Canadá es limitada, lo que requiere una comprensión más clara del contexto canadiense.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar una revisión de alcance para determinar el alcance de la evidencia epidemiológica sobre las disparidades entre negros y blancos en la salud materna y neonatal en Canadá.
- Identificar los resultados maternos y neonatales específicos afectados por las disparidades raciales en la población canadiense.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de las plataformas OVID (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare) desde el inicio hasta mayo de 2024.
- Se incluyeron estudios epidemiológicos revisados por pares que evaluaban los resultados maternos o neonatales en individuos negros frente a blancos en Canadá.
- Los resultados se sintetizaron utilizando el análisis descriptivo.
Principales resultados:
- Seis estudios de cohorte retrospectivos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, utilizando principalmente datos provinciales de Ontario.
- Todos los estudios incluidos reportaron asociaciones significativas entre la raza y los resultados adversos maternos o neonatales.
- Las personas negras experimentaron tasas más altas de pérdida fetal espontánea, mortalidad perinatal, nacimiento prematuro, bajas puntuaciones de Apgar, preeclampsia y diabetes gestacional.
Conclusiones:
- A pesar de la escasez de literatura, las aparentes disparidades entre negros y blancos en la salud materna y neonatal existen en Canadá.
- Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de datos nacionales basados en la población para comprender completamente estas disparidades raciales.
- Se requiere más investigación para identificar los factores subyacentes que contribuyen a estas desigualdades de salud observadas.
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