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Los pacientes adultos con enfermedad celíaca no están vacunados adecuadamente contra la enfermedad neumocócica: un
Kaitlin Payne1, Claire Jansson-Knodell2, Emily Trommer2
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. kaitlin.payne@gmail.com.
Digestive diseases and sciences
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con enfermedad celíaca tienen bajas tasas de vacunación neumocócica. El suministro de materiales educativos y la vacuna contra el neumococo conjugado 20 (PCV20) durante las visitas gastrointestinales aumentó significativamente la absorción de vacunas en esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología
- Inmunología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes con enfermedad celíaca (EC) se enfrentan a mayores riesgos de infecciones neumocócicas.
- Se recomienda la vacunación neumocócica en pacientes con EC para mitigar los riesgos de infección.
- Las tasas actuales de vacunación neumocócica en pacientes con EC son en gran medida desconocidas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la cobertura de vacunación neumocócica existente entre los pacientes con EC.
- Implementar y evaluar una iniciativa de mejora de la calidad destinada a aumentar las tasas de vacunación.
- Evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones educativas para mejorar la absorción de la vacuna.
Principales métodos:
- Recopilación de datos retrospectivos sobre el estado de vacunación neumocócica en pacientes con DEC confirmada por biopsia.
- Iniciativa prospectiva de mejora de la calidad que incluye folletos educativos y oferta de vacunas PCV20.
- Análisis de las tasas de vacunación antes y después de la intervención, incluidas las probabilidades de absorción de la vacuna después de la distribución.
Principales resultados:
- La revisión inicial mostró que sólo el 21% de los 340 pacientes con DCE estaban adecuadamente vacunados.
- En la fase de prospección, el 35% de los 93 pacientes con EC fueron vacunados.
- Los pacientes que recibieron un folleto educativo fueron significativamente más propensos a ser vacunados (OR 13.0, p=0. 0016).
Conclusiones:
- Los pacientes con enfermedad celíaca están significativamente subvacunados contra la enfermedad neumocócica.
- Los recursos educativos combinados con la administración de PCV20 en el consultorio aumentan efectivamente las tasas de vacunación.
- Las intervenciones específicas en las clínicas de gastroenterología pueden mejorar la cobertura de vacunación en las poblaciones en riesgo.
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