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Respuestas de la comunidad de vertebrados al pastoreo de ganado en un antiguo sistema de pastizales mediterráneos:

Erin Victor^1,2, Scott Brenton^1,3, Panayiotis Pafilis^4,5

¹School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

|September 4, 2025

Resumen

El pastoreo de ganado afecta a los vertebrados mediterráneos de manera diferente: la abundancia disminuye con más pastoreo, mientras que la riqueza alcanza niveles moderados, lo que respalda la hipótesis de perturbación intermedia (IDH). La conservación óptima requiere intensidades de pastoreo variadas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología
Biología de la conservación
Zoología

Sus antecedentes:

Los ecosistemas mediterráneos tienen pastoreo de ganado a largo plazo.
El pastoreo de ganado es un factor de estrés antropogénico clave y una herramienta de conservación.
Sus efectos en las poblaciones de vertebrados no se comprenden bien.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre el pastoreo del ganado y los conjuntos de vertebrados.
Identificar los mecanismos de mediación de los impactos en el pastoreo.
Para probar la hipótesis de perturbación intermedia (IDH) en este contexto.

Principales métodos:

Muestreo de campo de pequeños mamíferos, reptiles y aves a través de gradientes de pastoreo.
Modelado lineal generalizado para evaluar las relaciones entre el pastoreo y la diversidad.
Enfoque teórico de la información para identificar las características predictivas del hábitat.

Principales resultados:

La abundancia de especies terrestres disminuyó con el aumento del pastoreo.
La riqueza de especies mostró una respuesta unimodal, que alcanzó su punto máximo en el pastoreo intermedio, apoyando el IDH.
La disponibilidad de alimentos para invertebrados predijo mejor la riqueza de especies; la estructura de la vegetación influyó en las poblaciones de aves.

Conclusiones:

Ningún nivel de pastoreo optimiza tanto la abundancia como la riqueza de los vertebrados.
El pastoreo ligero a intermedio apoya la vida silvestre saludable y la riqueza de especies terrestres.
Las políticas agrícolas deben promover intensidades de pastoreo variadas para apoyar la biodiversidad.

Palabras clave:

El Reino Unido Relaciones con la diversidad gestión del hábitat hipótesis de perturbación intermedia pastoreo de ganado Aves paserizas Los reptiles pequeños mamíferos Diversidad de los vertebrados

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