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Trastornos concurrentes y resultados del tratamiento: un metanálisis
Kathryn Danielle Scott1, Kevin Michael Gorey1
1School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of dual diagnosis
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con trastornos de salud mental y de abuso de sustancias (SUD, por sus siglas en inglés) se enfrentan a peores resultados de tratamiento. Tienen el doble de probabilidades de experimentar recaídas y eventos adversos relacionados en comparación con aquellos con un solo trastorno.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina para la adicción
- La psiquiatría
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos concomitantes de salud mental y consumo de sustancias presentan desafíos complejos de tratamiento.
- La investigación existente sugiere posibles disparidades en la eficacia del tratamiento para las personas con doble diagnóstico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar si las personas con salud mental concurrente y SUD responden menos favorablemente a los tratamientos en comparación con las personas con trastornos individuales.
- Examinar si los grupos vulnerables (mujeres, minorías raciales, personas de bajos ingresos) experimentan más desventajas en el tratamiento.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un enfoque de revisión rápida y metaanálisis.
- Datos sintetizados de 35 revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis (2000-2024) y 13 estudios primarios (2020-2024).
Principales resultados:
- Una relación de riesgo agrupado de 1,71 indicó que las personas con trastornos concurrentes están significativamente en desventaja en el tratamiento.
- No se encontró evidencia para apoyar o refutar los efectos moderadores del género, la raza o el ingreso en los resultados del tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- Las personas con salud mental simultánea y SUD tienen el doble de probabilidades de experimentar resultados negativos como recaída, visitas a urgencias y rehospitalización.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender las disparidades de tratamiento en las poblaciones vulnerables.
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