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Efecto de los patrones de alimentación materna en el crecimiento infantil en Baotou, China
Jingyu Yang1,2, Hailong Zhang3, Mingming Han2
1Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
PloS one
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los patrones dietéticos de la madre durante el embarazo afectan significativamente el crecimiento del bebé. Las dietas específicas ricas en frutas, leche y productos marinos se correlacionan con un mayor peso al nacer y mejores indicadores de crecimiento temprano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud materna y infantil
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La dieta materna durante el embarazo es fundamental para el desarrollo fetal y el crecimiento del bebé.
- Comprender el impacto de los patrones dietéticos específicos (PD) es esencial para optimizar los resultados de la salud infantil.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los patrones de alimentación materna y los resultados del crecimiento infantil.
- Identificar los DPs maternos específicos que influyen en el peso al nacer, la longitud y las trayectorias de crecimiento temprano.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 201 parejas madre-hijo.
- Se evaluó la ingesta dietética materna y se identificaron los DPs mediante el análisis de los componentes principales.
- Medidas antropométricas infantiles y puntuaciones z (WAZ, HAZ, IMC Z) calculadas al nacer y a los 12 meses.
Principales resultados:
- Se han identificado cuatro DPs: FMDP, VBAP, MP y TE.
- FMDP y MP asociados con mayor peso al nacer; VBAP asociado positivamente con el peso al nacer; TE asociado negativamente con el peso al nacer.
- FMDP y MP se correlacionaron con una mejora de WAZ y HAZ al nacer; VBAP se asoció con un mayor IMC Z a los 12 meses.
Conclusiones:
- Los patrones de alimentación materna durante el embarazo influyen significativamente en el peso y el crecimiento del bebé al nacer.
- La optimización de la nutrición materna a través de opciones dietéticas específicas puede promover el desarrollo saludable de la descendencia.
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