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La comunicación interprofesional en las unidades psiquiátricas: barreras, requisitos previos y su papel en la
Ingela Rudberg1, Charlotta Thunborg1,2, Martin Salzmann-Erikson1
1Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Gävle.
Issues in mental health nursing
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
La comunicación interprofesional efectiva en los entornos psiquiátricos ambulatorios requiere abordar las barreras sistémicas y fomentar culturas de equipo de apoyo. Los médicos dan forma a la colaboración centrada en la persona a través de la comunicación, pasando de caminos separados a la atención compartida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Comunicación sobre el cuidado de la salud
- Colaboración interprofesional
- Cuidados psiquiátricos ambulatorios
Sus antecedentes:
- La comunicación interprofesional es vital para la atención coordinada del paciente, la claridad de las funciones y la cohesión del equipo en la atención médica.
- Las barreras como las jerarquías poco claras y la carga de trabajo pueden afectar negativamente la colaboración y los resultados de los pacientes.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre cómo la comunicación da forma a los roles profesionales y las prácticas de colaboración.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar los requisitos previos y las barreras a la comunicación interprofesional en los entornos de pacientes ambulatorios psiquiátricos.
- Analizar cómo la comunicación constituye los roles profesionales, los límites y las prácticas de colaboración.
- Aplicar el marco de los cuatro flujos para comprender la dinámica de la comunicación interprofesional.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó viñetas y entrevistas semi-estructuradas con 11 médicos.
- Utilizó el marco de los cuatro flujos (negociación de adhesión, autoestructuración, coordinación de actividades, posicionamiento institucional).
- Se analizó el papel de la comunicación en la configuración de la colaboración interprofesional.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro categorías clave: desafíos sistémicos/organizacionales, dinámica social/relaciones, liderazgo/cultura de equipo y enfoque en el paciente.
- Demostró que la comunicación es un proceso de estructuración, no sólo una herramienta neutral.
- Destacó el tema "De caminos separados a cuidados compartidos".
Conclusiones:
- La comunicación interprofesional es fundamental para establecer una colaboración centrada en la persona en los entornos psiquiátricos ambulatorios.
- Abordar las dinámicas sistémicas y sociales es crucial para una colaboración eficaz.
- El liderazgo de apoyo y una fuerte cultura de equipo mejoran las prácticas comunicativas.
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