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Análisis de la adhesión a la medicación en pacientes con esquizofrenia basado en la teoría extendida del
Xuping Li1, Shuiyuan Xiao2, Yajun Sun3
1Department of Henan Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Pan-Vascular Disease Prevention and Treatment, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China; Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province 410006, China.
Journal of psychosomatic research
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio encontró que la intención y la supervisión impactan directamente la adherencia a la medicación en pacientes chinos con esquizofrenia. Las actitudes, las normas y el control influyen indirectamente en la adhesión a través de la intención, apoyando la Teoría extendida del Comportamiento Planeado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría
- Ciencias del comportamiento
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La adherencia a la medicación es un problema crítico para los pacientes con esquizofrenia que viven en la comunidad.
- Las teorías conductuales ofrecen información sobre los factores que influyen en la adherencia.
- Comprender estos factores es clave para desarrollar intervenciones eficaces.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores asociados con la adherencia a la medicación en pacientes chinos con esquizofrenia.
- Explorar los mecanismos subyacentes utilizando la teoría extendida del comportamiento planificado (TPB).
- Orientar el diseño de la intervención para mejorar la adherencia a la medicación.
Principales métodos:
- Encuesta de 468 pacientes con esquizofrenia que viven en la comunidad en China.
- Medición de la adherencia a la medicación mediante el retiro de siete días.
- Evaluación de las actitudes hacia la medicación, el control del comportamiento percibido, las normas subjetivas, la intención y la supervisión utilizando escalas validadas y auto-desarrolladas.
- Análisis de trayectoria para probar el modelo TPB extendido.
Principales resultados:
- El 81,20% de los pacientes demostró adherencia a la medicación.
- La intención y la supervisión mostraron asociaciones directas con la adherencia.
- La actitud, las normas subjetivas y el control del comportamiento percibido influyeron indirectamente en la adherencia a través de la intención.
Conclusiones:
- La teoría extendida del comportamiento planificado predice efectivamente la adherencia a los medicamentos en esta población.
- Las intervenciones deben dirigirse a la actitud, las normas subjetivas, el control del comportamiento percibido y la supervisión.
- Este marco apoya el desarrollo de estrategias específicas para mejorar la adherencia a la medicación en pacientes con esquizofrenia.
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