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Carga de la contaminación y trayectorias del desarrollo puberal: implicaciones para los trastornos del sueño y los
Jessica P Uy1, Thanh-Nga Shenoy1, Yoonji Lee1
1Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
La exposición a la contaminación infantil retrasa la pubertad en las niñas, aumentando el riesgo de depresión a través de trastornos del sueño. Este efecto específico del sexo destaca los impactos ambientales en la salud mental de los adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud del medio ambiente
- Psicología de los adolescentes
- Endocrinología
Sus antecedentes:
- La exposición a la contaminación en la infancia está relacionada con la depresión en la adolescencia.
- El efecto de la contaminación en el tiempo de la pubertad y las hormonas no está claro.
- La interacción entre la contaminación, la pubertad, el sueño y la depresión no se comprende bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar el impacto de la contaminación infantil en las trayectorias de desarrollo de la pubertad de los adolescentes.
- Investigue cómo la pubertad alterada por la contaminación afecta los trastornos del sueño y los síntomas depresivos.
- Determinar los efectos específicos de la contaminación sobre las hormonas de la pubertad y la salud mental de los adolescentes.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de 184 adolescentes (de 9 a 13 años) durante 4 evaluaciones (intervalos de 2 años).
- Desarrollo puberal medido, trastornos del sueño y síntomas depresivos.
- DHEA, testosterona y estradiol analizados (mujeres) a partir de muestras de saliva; carga de contaminación estimada a través de direcciones residenciales.
Principales resultados:
- En las mujeres, una mayor carga de contaminación retrasó la DHEA (adrenarquea) y el estradiol (gonadarquea), pero aceleró su ritmo.
- El ritmo acelerado de DHEA y estradiol, combinado con trastornos del sueño, predijo un aumento de los síntomas depresivos en las mujeres.
- La contaminación afectó el desarrollo suprarrenal masculino de manera diferente, sin una interacción similar con los trastornos del sueño para el riesgo de depresión.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición a la contaminación infantil influye en el desarrollo de la pubertad de manera dependiente del sexo.
- Los cambios puberales y los trastornos del sueño relacionados con la contaminación contribuyen al riesgo de depresión diferenciada por sexo en la adolescencia.
- Los factores ambientales como la contaminación tienen impactos significativos a largo plazo en el desarrollo neurológico y el bienestar mental de los adolescentes.
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