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Microplásticos transportados por el aire y aditivos plásticos en el entorno escolar: identificación, cuantificación y
Ana Torres-Agullo1, Angeliki Karanasiou2, Isabella Charres3
1Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Environment international
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
Los niños están expuestos a niveles más altos de microplásticos en el aire en interiores que en exteriores, lo que plantea riesgos de inhalación. Este estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de controlar estos contaminantes en las escuelas para proteger la salud de los niños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
- Química analítica
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación del aire interior y exterior tiene un impacto negativo en la salud humana, especialmente en los niños en desarrollo.
- Los microplásticos (MP) son contaminantes ambientales emergentes con implicaciones para la salud en gran medida desconocidas.
- Las escuelas son entornos críticos para evaluar la exposición de los niños a los contaminantes atmosféricos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las concentraciones de microplásticos en el aire y los riesgos de inhalación en una escuela portuguesa.
- Identificar polímeros específicos y otros contaminantes presentes en el aire interior y exterior.
- Para evaluar la dosis diaria de MP por inhalación para niños.
Principales métodos:
- Se recogieron muestras de PM10 de aulas y áreas al aire libre durante el invierno y la primavera.
- Se analizó el MP en el aire mediante cromatografía de gas de pirólisis acoplada a espectrometría de masas de Orbitrap (Pyr-GC-Orbitrap-MS).
- Regiones de interés empleadas-Resolución de la curva multivariada-Alternación de mínimos cuadrados (ROIMCR) para el análisis simultáneo orientado y no orientado.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron seis polímeros: metacrilato de polimetilo, nylon-6,6, polipropileno, caucho de nitrilo butadieno, cloruro de polivinilo y poliestireno.
- Las concentraciones de MP en interiores (21,8 ± 16,3 ng/m3) fueron significativamente más altas que las concentraciones en exteriores (13,4 ± 13,6 ng/m3).
- La exposición mediana diaria por inhalación de MP en niños fue de 1,57 ± 0,93 ng kg bw−1 d−1.
- Se han detectado contaminantes concurrentes, incluidos los ftalatos, los pesticidas y la nicotina.
Conclusiones:
- Los niños en la escuela estudiada están continuamente expuestos a una compleja mezcla de microplásticos en el aire y aditivos peligrosos.
- Los niveles más altos de MP en interiores subrayan la importancia de la calidad del aire interior en los entornos educativos.
- Los resultados subrayan la necesidad de incluir el MP en el aire en las evaluaciones de la calidad del aire para proteger la salud de los niños.
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