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Regulación de la seguridad nuclear en Ucrania: contribución de los proyectos de asistencia técnica internacional
Ihor Kuzmiak1, Daria Dimitriieva1, Viktor Pashchenko2
1SE State Scientific and Technical Center for Nuclear and Radiation Safety of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Kyiv City, UKRAINE.
Resumen
Ucrania ha establecido un marco de seguridad nuclear, pero se enfrenta a lagunas regulatorias. Un proyecto internacional desarrolló disposiciones clave, pero la invasión rusa introdujo nuevas amenazas y requisitos de seguridad para las instalaciones nucleares.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Reglamento de seguridad nuclear
- Seguridad y protección nucleares
- Los marcos normativos internacionales
Sus antecedentes:
- Ucrania dispone de un marco normativo para la protección física, pero persisten importantes lagunas en materia de seguridad nuclear.
- Un informe de 2017 destacó estas lagunas, lo que requería mejoras regulatorias.
- El marco existente requiere una mejora para cumplir con las normas internacionales y hacer frente a las amenazas en evolución.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y abordar las brechas críticas en el marco normativo de seguridad nuclear de Ucrania.
- Desarrollar normas primarias de seguridad nuclear alineadas con las mejores prácticas internacionales.
- Adaptar los enfoques regulatorios en respuesta a las nuevas amenazas, incluidas las derivadas de los conflictos militares.
Principales métodos:
- Implementación de un proyecto de asistencia técnica internacional centrado en el desarrollo normativo.
- Desarrollo de las "Disposiciones generales de seguridad nuclear" como documento fundacional.
- Análisis de las nuevas amenazas y necesidades derivadas de la invasión rusa y la ocupación de las centrales nucleares.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó una lista exhaustiva de las normas de seguridad nuclear primarias que deben elaborarse.
- Desarrollo y aplicación exitosos de las "Disposiciones generales de seguridad nuclear".
- Integrar los fundamentos de la seguridad nuclear del OIEA en las prácticas ucranianas.
Conclusiones:
- Las "Disposiciones generales de seguridad nuclear" desarrolladas facilitan la adopción de las normas del OIEA.
- El proyecto ha allanado el camino para el desarrollo posterior de las regulaciones de seguridad nuclear en Ucrania.
- La invasión rusa requiere un enfoque regulatorio de seguridad nuclear actualizado y reforzado para hacer frente a las amenazas emergentes.
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