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Evaluación de los trastornos del sueño en niños y adolescentes con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico

Camila Dos Santos El Halal¹, Magda Lahorgue Nunes²

¹Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Jornal de pediatria

|September 4, 2025

Resumen

Los niños con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico experimentan con frecuencia trastornos del sueño. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de estos problemas de sueño son cruciales para mejorar su salud y desarrollo en general.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina del sueño pediátrica
Pediatría del desarrollo neurológico
Genética clínica

Sus antecedentes:

Los trastornos del sueño son comunes en niños y adolescentes con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.
Los NDD incluyen trastornos del espectro autista, TDAH, discapacidad intelectual y síndromes genéticos como el síndrome de Down.
Los trastornos del sueño pueden afectar significativamente la salud y el desarrollo de los niños afectados.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las asociaciones entre los NDD y los trastornos del sueño prevalentes en niños y adolescentes.
Centrarse en las características clínicas y los enfoques de diagnóstico para estas afecciones coexistentes.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura utilizando PubMed.
Las palabras clave incluían "trastornos del desarrollo neurológico", "trastornos del sueño" y tipos específicos de trastornos del sueño.
También se revisaron las listas de referencias de los artículos seleccionados para estudios adicionales pertinentes.

Principales resultados:

Los trastornos del sueño son muy frecuentes en los niños con NDD, incluidos el trastorno del espectro autista, el TDAH y la discapacidad intelectual.
Los síndromes genéticos como el síndrome de Down, Smith-Magenis, Prader-Willi y la mucopolisacaridosis tipo II están asociados con un aumento de los trastornos del sueño.
Los factores anatómicos, biológicos y de comportamiento contribuyen a estas asociaciones.

Conclusiones:

Los trastornos del sueño son más comunes en las poblaciones pediátricas con NDD.
Las estrategias diagnósticas específicas, incluidos los antecedentes clínicos y los cuestionarios específicos, son esenciales.
El tratamiento eficaz de los trastornos del sueño es vital para mejorar los resultados a largo plazo en los niños con NDD.

Palabras clave:

La adolescencia La infancia Trastornos del desarrollo neurológico El sueño.Trastornos del sueño

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