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Síndrome de Caplan en el siglo XXI: nódulos cavitarios y artritis reumatoide tardía
1Department of Internal Diseases, Occupational Diseases Unit, Ministry of Health Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)
|September 4, 2025
Resumen
El síndrome de Caplan, una rara enfermedad pulmonar por exposición al polvo, puede manifestarse años más tarde con artritis reumatoide. Este caso pone de relieve los efectos autoinmunes retrasados y la necesidad de vigilancia de la salud en el trabajo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina del trabajo
- Reumatología
- Pulmonología
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome de Caplan es una afección rara que vincula la neumonosis y la artritis reumatoide.
- Afecta a las personas con exposición profesional al polvo inorgánico.
- Este diagnóstico sigue siendo relevante en la práctica clínica contemporánea.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para presentar un caso de síndrome de Caplan en un ex minero de carbón.
- Para ilustrar los desafíos de diagnóstico y la presentación tardía de los efectos autoinmunes.
- Subrayar la importancia de la vigilancia de la salud en el trabajo.
Principales métodos:
- Informe del caso de un exminero de 41 años.
- El trabajo de diagnóstico incluyó imágenes (PET-CT), broncoscopia y biopsia pulmonar.
- Los antecedentes clínicos se centraron en la exposición ocupacional al polvo y la evolución de los síntomas.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente desarrolló múltiples nódulos pulmonares cavitarios que imitaban la malignidad.
- El síndrome de Caplan fue diagnosticado después de una extensa investigación.
- La artritis reumatoide seropositiva apareció 8 años después del cese de la exposición.
Conclusiones:
- El síndrome de Caplan requiere una consideración diagnóstica continua, incluso con presentación tardía.
- Los inhalantes profesionales pueden desencadenar respuestas autoinmunes retrasadas.
- Las medidas de mejora de la salud en el trabajo son cruciales para las industrias de alto riesgo.
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