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La salud mental de los adolescentes y la comunicación digital: perspectivas de 11 países
Leo Ziegel1, Carl Fredrik Sjöland2, Xiayun Zuo3
1Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
Resumen
La comunicación digital tiene un impacto significativo en la salud mental de los adolescentes a nivel mundial. Si bien las redes sociales pueden dañar a través de la comparación y la intimidación, también fomentan las conexiones sociales y el acceso al apoyo, lo que requiere una educación de alfabetización digital matizada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología de los adolescentes
- Salud digital
- Salud mental en todo el mundo
Sus antecedentes:
- La influencia de la comunicación digital en el desarrollo psicosocial de los adolescentes es un problema importante de salud pública.
- Las experiencias en línea de los adolescentes son cada vez más centrales para sus vidas sociales y emocionales.
- Comprender estos impactos es crucial para desarrollar sistemas de apoyo eficaces.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las percepciones de los adolescentes sobre el impacto de la comunicación digital en la salud mental y el bienestar.
- Investigar el papel de las redes sociales, la mensajería directa y los juegos en línea.
- Examinar estos impactos en diversos contextos socioculturales y económicos mundiales.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo multipaís en el que participaron 71 grupos focales con adolescentes de entre 12 y 19 años.
- Datos recopilados de 13 países de las Américas, Europa, África y Asia (febrero-junio de 2021).
- Análisis temático de las transcripciones textuales para identificar los temas clave.
Principales resultados:
- La comunicación digital fue planteada espontáneamente por los adolescentes en 11 de 13 países.
- Los adolescentes informaron tanto de impactos negativos (comparación social, acoso cibernético, estereotipos) como de aspectos positivos (redes sociales, apoyo a la salud mental).
- Las perspectivas eran coherentes en los diferentes niveles de ingreso de los países.
Conclusiones:
- La interacción en línea es globalmente importante para los adolescentes, con una importancia creciente.
- Los cuidadores y las escuelas deben involucrarse con los adolescentes sobre sus vidas en línea.
- Se necesita un enfoque matizado de la alfabetización digital y la política para maximizar los beneficios y minimizar los daños.
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