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Elementos clave implicados en la progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer
Dania Khalid1, Amber Afroz1, Hammad Ismail1
1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) implica un deterioro cognitivo debido a anomalías en las proteínas y desequilibrios en los neurotransmisores. La investigación explora los productos naturales y los vínculos con la diabetes para posibles estrategias terapéuticas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La bioquímica
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo progresivo que afecta las funciones cognitivas, particularmente en personas mayores de 60 años, con una incidencia creciente en adultos más jóvenes.
- La causa exacta de la enfermedad de Alzheimer sigue siendo desconocida, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de fármacos específicos.
- Los factores clave implicados incluyen la proteína tau alterada, el beta amiloide, los receptores colinérgicos, los desequilibrios de los neurotransmisores (dopamina, serotonina), la disfunción mitocondrial y la inflamación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar las múltiples facetas de la base biológica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Resaltar las áreas de investigación emergentes, incluida la conexión entre la EA y la diabetes mellitus.
- Explorar el potencial de los productos naturales en la terapia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica existente y de los análisis de transcriptómica y proteómica.
- Investigación de la desregulación genética y proteica en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
- Examen de las vías celulares implicadas en la patogénesis de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
Principales resultados:
- Identificación de genes y proteínas interconectados implicados en la EA a través de la transcriptómica y la proteómica.
- Evidencia que sugiere un vínculo entre la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la diabetes mellitus.
- Reconocimiento de la disfunción mitocondrial, la señalización del calcio y la inflamación como contribuyentes significativos.
Conclusiones:
- La patogénesis de la enfermedad de Alzheimer es compleja, e implica alteraciones genéticas, proteómicas y de las vías celulares.
- El vínculo con la diabetes mellitus presenta una nueva vía de investigación.
- Los productos naturales son prometedores como agentes terapéuticos futuros para mejorar la enfermedad de Alzheimer y sus síntomas.
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