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La obesidad infantil aumenta el riesgo de DMG a través de la obesidad adulta: evidencia del estudio de aleatorización
Yuying Zhang1, Zikai Lin2, Xuyu He3
1Department of Child Healthcare, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
American journal of hypertension
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
La obesidad infantil aumenta el riesgo de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) principalmente al persistir en la edad adulta. Obesidad en adultos
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética y Epidemiología
- Investigación de la salud metabólica
- Estudios de salud reproductiva
Sus antecedentes:
- El vínculo entre la obesidad infantil/adulta y el riesgo de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) requiere una aclaración.
- Es crucial investigar los efectos independientes y combinados del tamaño corporal en todas las etapas de la vida sobre la DMG.
- Es esencial comprender el papel mediador de la inflamación en el riesgo de DMG relacionado con la obesidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar el efecto causal del tamaño corporal en la infancia y en la edad adulta sobre el riesgo de DMG.
- Para aclarar las contribuciones independientes de la infancia frente a la obesidad en la edad adulta a GDM.
- Explorar el papel de la proteína C reactiva (CRP) como mediador en esta relación.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos del estudio de asociación de todo el genoma del Biobanco del Reino Unido para instrumentos genéticos.
- Se emplearon análisis de aleatorización mendeliana (MR) (univariables y multivariables) para evaluar la causalidad.
- Variantes de riesgo de DMG integradas del estudio FinnGen.
Principales resultados:
- El tamaño corporal predito genéticamente en la infancia y en la edad adulta influye causalmente en el riesgo de DMG.
- El efecto del tamaño corporal infantil en la DMG no fue significativo cuando se tuvo en cuenta el tamaño corporal en la edad adulta.
- El tamaño corporal en la edad adulta siguió siendo un predictor significativo del riesgo de DMG, con la PCR mediando parcialmente este efecto.
Conclusiones:
- La obesidad infantil contribuye al riesgo de DMG principalmente por su persistencia en la edad adulta.
- La inflamación, indicada por la PCR, interviene parcialmente en la asociación entre la obesidad en adultos y la DMG.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la prevención temprana de la obesidad y el control de la inflamación son vitales para mitigar el riesgo de DMG.
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