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¿La supervisión civil afecta la legitimidad de la policía?

Kaylyn Jackson Schiff¹, Daniel S Schiff¹, Bryant J Moy²

¹Department of Political Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.

|September 5, 2025

Resumen

Las juntas de revisión civiles (CRB) tienen como objetivo aumentar la legitimidad de la policía a través de la supervisión. Sin embargo, este estudio encuentra que los CRB generalmente no aumentan la confianza pública e incluso pueden disminuirla cuando entran en conflicto con los jefes de policía, especialmente en medio de opiniones polarizadas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Criminología y justicia penal
Administración pública
Sociología del Derecho

Sus antecedentes:

Las juntas de revisión civiles (CRB) se establecen como mecanismos de supervisión externa para mejorar la legitimidad de la policía.
A pesar del apoyo público, se debate la efectividad de los CRB en la mejora de la equidad y la legitimidad procesales.
La adopción y el impacto limitados plantean preguntas sobre el papel de los CRB en la rendición de cuentas policial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el impacto de las juntas de revisión civiles (CRB) en la percepción pública de la legitimidad de la policía.
Examinar cómo las decisiones del CRB, en conjunto o en oposición con los jefes de policía, influyen en la confianza pública.
Investigar el papel de los CRB en la configuración de las percepciones de equidad procesal.

Principales métodos:

Se llevó a cabo un experimento de encuesta en el que participaron 2.503 encuestados.
A los participantes se les presentaron escenarios que involucraban a jefes de policía y CRBs con respecto a la mala conducta de los oficiales.
El estudio analizó cómo las decisiones de CRB alineadas o en conflicto con los jefes de policía afectaron las percepciones de legitimidad.

Principales resultados:

Las juntas de revisión civiles (CRB) generalmente no aumentaron la percepción pública de la legitimidad de la policía.
Los CRB pueden mejorar las percepciones de equidad procesal para las personas con opiniones negativas previas de la policía.
Los conflictos entre los CRB y los jefes de policía disminuyeron la confianza pública en ambas instituciones y aumentaron la polarización política.

Conclusiones:

Los hallazgos desafían la suposición de que los CRB inherentemente mejoran la legitimidad de la policía.
El desacuerdo institucional entre los CRB y el liderazgo policial puede socavar la confianza pública.
Los CRB pueden no cumplir su función prevista de mejorar la legitimidad de la policía, especialmente en casos contenciosos.

Palabras clave:

supervisión civil Legitimidad el trabajo policial las actitudes públicas experimento de encuesta

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