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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Conserved Binding Sites01:49

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Many proteins’ biological role depends on their interactions with their ligands, small molecules that bind to specific locations on the protein known as ligand-binding sites. Ligand-binding sites are often conserved among homologous proteins as these sites are critical for protein function.
Binding sites are often located in large pockets, and if their location on a protein’s surface is unknown, it can be predicted using various approaches. The energetic method computationally...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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El complejo de búsqueda de homología eucariota distorsiona la estructura del ADN del donante para buscar homología

Mitchell V Woodhouse, Jingyi Hu, Meiling Wu

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
    |September 5, 2025
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Las proteínas motoras Rad51 y Rad54 remodelan el ADN durante la búsqueda de homología para la reparación de la ruptura de doble hebra. Aplican fuerzas para controlar las interacciones del ADN, asegurando una selección precisa de la plantilla para la reparación genética.

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Biología molecular
    • La genética
    • La biofísica

    Sus antecedentes:

    • La recombinación homóloga (RH) repara las rupturas de doble cadena de ADN utilizando una plantilla.
    • Las proteínas Rad51 y Rad54 son cruciales para la búsqueda de homología en eucariotas.
    • El mecanismo de aplicación de la fuerza durante la búsqueda de homología era previamente desconocido.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Para investigar las fuerzas aplicadas por Rad51 y Rad54 en el ADN durante la búsqueda de homología.
    • Para entender cómo estas proteínas motoras remodelan las plantillas de ADN para su reparación.
    • Para aclarar el mecanismo de selección del objetivo en la reparación del ADN.

    Principales métodos:

    • Pinzas magnéticas de una sola molécula.
    • Métodos de captura óptica.
    • Monitoreo de la remodelación de la plantilla de ADN durante la búsqueda de homología.

    Principales resultados:

    • Rad51 y Rad54 remodelan el ADN del donante para regular las interacciones del filamento Rad51-ssDNA.
    • Tanto las fuerzas lineales (tensión) como las rotacionales (torsión) se aplican al ADN.
    • La procesividad de Rad54 es esencial para la selección de objetivos in vivo.

    Conclusiones:

    • Rad51 y Rad54 coordinan para remodelar el ADN durante la búsqueda de homología.
    • Las proteínas motoras aplican fuerzas para sondear el ADN en busca de homología.
    • Este mecanismo es vital para una selección precisa de la plantilla de reparación del ADN.