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Neuroplasticidad y el microbioma: cómo los microorganismos influyen en el cambio cerebral
Abdullah Al Noman1, Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhudhaibi2, Moushumi Afroza3
1School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Frontiers in microbiology
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
El microbioma intestinal influye significativamente en la plasticidad del cerebro y la salud mental. Las intervenciones dirigidas a las bacterias intestinales son prometedoras para mejorar la neuroplasticidad y tratar trastornos neurológicos y psiquiátricos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Microbiología
- La psiquiatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La neuroplasticidad tradicionalmente vinculada a factores externos.
- La evidencia emergente implica la microbiota intestinal a través del eje intestino-cerebro.
- El desequilibrio microbiano (disbiosis) está asociado con afecciones neurológicas y psiquiátricas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los mecanismos de influencia de la microbiota intestinal en la neuroplasticidad.
- Explorar el vínculo entre la disbiosis y los trastornos de salud mental.
- Evaluar las intervenciones dirigidas a la microbiota para la salud del cerebro.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre estudios en animales y en humanos.
- Análisis de la producción de metabolitos microbianos, la modulación inmune, la síntesis de neurotransmisores y la regulación hormonal.
- Examen de los efectos de los probióticos, los prebióticos y la dieta.
Principales resultados:
- Los microbios intestinales modulan la neuroplasticidad a través de varias vías bioquímicas.
- La disbiosis está relacionada con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico, trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y deterioro cognitivo.
- Las intervenciones dirigidas a la microbiota muestran potencial para mejorar la neuroplasticidad.
Conclusiones:
- La microbiota intestinal es un factor crítico en la plasticidad del cerebro y el bienestar mental.
- Las terapias basadas en el microbioma ofrecen un nuevo enfoque para la salud psiquiátrica y neurológica.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones sobre las interacciones microbianas-neuronales directas.
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