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Aislamiento, apoyo social y agotamiento por COVID-19 entre estudiantes universitarios en una universidad del este de
Yan Song1, Huizi Li1, Yuxin Song1
1Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers in psychology
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
El aislamiento social durante el COVID-19 afectó negativamente la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios chinos, aumentando el agotamiento y la angustia. El apoyo social, especialmente de fuera de la familia, mitigó estos efectos, y el aislamiento moderó el vínculo entre el apoyo y el agotamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Salud pública
- Sociología
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 requirió medidas de aislamiento social en todo el mundo.
- Estas medidas afectaron significativamente la salud pública, en particular a los estudiantes universitarios chinos.
- El aislamiento social afecta el apoyo social, crucial para la salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para explorar los efectos del aislamiento social en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios chinos durante la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Investigar el papel del apoyo social en la mitigación de los resultados negativos de la salud mental.
- Examinar el efecto moderador del aislamiento en la relación entre el apoyo social y los indicadores de salud mental.
Principales métodos:
- Encuesta transversal de 394 estudiantes universitarios chinos en noviembre de 2022.
- Utilizó la Escala de apoyo social, el cuestionario de la Escala de agotamiento por COVID-19 y una breve lista de verificación de síntomas.
- Se compararon los grupos aislados (31,0%) y no aislados (69,0%), con una mayoría de mujeres participantes (70,3%).
Principales resultados:
- Los estudiantes aislados reportaron menor apoyo social, mayor agotamiento por COVID-19 y mayor angustia psicológica que los estudiantes no aislados.
- El apoyo social mostró correlaciones negativas significativas tanto con el agotamiento por COVID-19 como con la angustia psicológica.
- El apoyo social fuera de la familia fue particularmente efectivo para reducir el agotamiento y la angustia; el aislamiento moderó la relación apoyo-agotamiento.
Conclusiones:
- El aislamiento social durante el COVID-19 afecta negativamente la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios y aumenta el agotamiento.
- El apoyo social, especialmente de fuentes externas, juega un papel vital en la protección del bienestar mental.
- Los hallazgos sugieren intervenciones personalizadas centradas en mejorar el apoyo social para los estudiantes universitarios chinos que se enfrentan al aislamiento.
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