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Historia de la colonización de las algas de la nieve en la isla de Hawai
Takahiro Segawa1, Nozomu Takeuchi2, Ryo Matsuzaki3
1Center for Life Science Research, University of Yamanashi, 1110, Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.
The ISME journal
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Las algas rojas de la nieve se encontraron en Maunakea, Hawai, durante un evento de nieve de 2023. El análisis genético reveló linajes endémicos tanto cosmopolitas como antiguos, formados por glaciaciones pasadas y el cambio climático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología microbiana
- Glaciología
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Las algas de nieve con pigmento rojo son microbios criófilos que se encuentran en todo el mundo en las bolsas de nieve.
- Sus mecanismos de dispersión a través de entornos aislados, o criosferas, no se comprenden bien.
- Maunakea, Hawai, representa una de las criosferas más aisladas de la Tierra.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la presencia y la diversidad genética de las algas de la nieve en la criosfera aislada de Hawai.
- Para entender los patrones de dispersión y la historia evolutiva de las algas de la nieve en este lugar único.
- Explorar el papel de las condiciones climáticas pasadas, incluida la glaciación, en la configuración de las poblaciones de algas de nieve.
Principales métodos:
- Recolección de muestras de nieve de Maunakea durante un evento prolongado de retención de nieve en 2023.
- Observación microscópica de las células de algas pigmentadas en rojo.
- Extracción de ADN y secuenciación de amplicones ITS2 para identificar grupos de algas.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron algas de nieve con pigmento rojo, pertenecientes al género Clorophyta, en muestras de nieve de Maunakea.
- Se detectaron dos grupos principales: el grupo cosmopolita Sanguina y un grupo de nieve endémico Chloromonadinia.
- El clado hawaiano más grande del grupo endémico sugiere una colonización entre hace 253 y 130,000 años, coincidiendo con la glaciación de Maunakea (MIS 6).
Conclusiones:
- Las algas cosmopolitas de la nieve pueden dispersarse a criosferas aisladas bajo las condiciones climáticas actuales.
- Los períodos glaciales pasados proporcionaron hábitats a largo plazo, lo que permitió el establecimiento de linajes distintos y endémicos de algas de nieve.
- La dispersión y evolución de las algas de la nieve están significativamente influenciadas por los eventos de glaciación y el cambio climático a largo plazo.
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