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COVID largo en personas con esclerosis múltiple y trastornos relacionados: un estudio transversal multicéntrico
Chen Hu1, Jiyeon Son2, Lindsay McAlpine3
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Annals of clinical and translational neurology
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con esclerosis múltiple y trastornos relacionados tienen mayores probabilidades de COVID prolongado, especialmente por el empeoramiento de los síntomas. El COVID prolongado empeora significativamente la función y la discapacidad en esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El manejo del COVID prolongado en personas con esclerosis múltiple y trastornos relacionados (pwMSRD) presenta desafíos debido a la superposición de síntomas.
- Las lagunas de evidencia existentes requieren una investigación sobre la susceptibilidad a la COVID prolongada y su impacto en el pwMSRD.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para evaluar la susceptibilidad a la COVID prolongada en pwMSRD en comparación con los controles.
- Evaluar la asociación de COVID prolongado con la función y la discapacidad de múltiples dominios en pwMSRD.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal multicéntrico en el que participaron 969 pacientes con EMDR y 1003 controles.
- Los participantes completaron encuestas sobre 71 síntomas posteriores a la infección, distinguiendo el inicio de los síntomas del empeoramiento.
- El COVID largo se definió utilizando los criterios de 2024 NASEM; se emplearon análisis logísticos y de regresión.
Principales resultados:
- PwMSRD exhibió probabilidades más altas de COVID prolongado (aOR = 1.6), con una asociación más fuerte para el empeoramiento de los síntomas (aOR = 2.3).
- El COVID prolongado se correlacionó con una función física más pobre, la cognición y un aumento de la depresión en ambos grupos.
- Los pacientes con COVID prolongado experimentaron un mayor deterioro funcional, exacerbación de la depresión y una progresión más rápida de la discapacidad.
Conclusiones:
- PwMSRD demuestran una mayor susceptibilidad al COVID prolongado, principalmente impulsado por la exacerbación de los síntomas.
- El COVID prolongado contribuye significativamente al deterioro funcional y al empeoramiento de la discapacidad en los pacientes con EMDR.
- El reconocimiento temprano y el manejo del COVID largo son cruciales para mejorar los resultados en pwMSRD.
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