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Quemaduras pediátricas en países de bajos ingresos: un ejemplo de Somalia
1Department of Nursing, University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Nursing, Ankara-Türkiye.
Resumen
Los datos de quemaduras pediátricas de Somalia muestran que el agua caliente es la causa principal. La gestión eficaz puede prevenir la mortalidad infantil, incluso en entornos de bajos ingresos, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de estrategias de prevención específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Epidemiología de quemaduras pediátricas
- Salud global
- Prevención de las lesiones
Sus antecedentes:
- Los datos epidemiológicos son cruciales para desarrollar estrategias de prevención de quemaduras pediátricas en países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- Este estudio aborda la falta de dichos datos en Somalia, una nación de bajos ingresos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar las características epidemiológicas de los pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras hospitalizados en Mogadiscio, Somalia.
- Proporcionar datos fundamentales para la prevención de quemaduras y estrategias de intervención en un entorno de escasos recursos.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio retrospectivo de observación en 140 pacientes pediátricos con quemaduras.
- Datos recopilados desde noviembre de 2022 hasta abril de 2024 en un hospital de Mogadiscio, Somalia.
- El análisis incluyó los datos demográficos de los pacientes, la etiología de las quemaduras, la gravedad (superficie corporal total - TBSA) y los resultados.
Principales resultados:
- El estudio incluyó un número igual de hombres y mujeres con una edad media de 4,96 años.
- El agua caliente (75,7%) fue la causa más común de quemaduras, seguida de la llama abierta (15,7%).
- La mayoría de las quemaduras fueron superficiales de segundo grado (50,7%), con un promedio de TBSA del 16,2%. Los niños de 0 a 4 años tuvieron una mayor proporción de quemaduras graves. No se observó mortalidad, siendo la anemia la complicación más común (37,1%).
Conclusiones:
- Estos son los primeros datos epidemiológicos sobre las admisiones pediátricas por quemaduras en Somalia.
- El manejo efectivo de quemaduras puede eliminar la mortalidad en casos de quemaduras pediátricas, incluso en entornos de bajos recursos.
- Se recomienda una formación específica para la prevención de quemaduras en las zonas de alta incidencia.
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