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Emplear las percepciones y mentalidades de la enfermedad en contextos de salud: hacia un marco integrador
Rachael Yielder1, Alia Crum2, John Weinman3
1Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Health psychology review
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Las percepciones y mentalidades de la enfermedad afectan significativamente los resultados del paciente y la adherencia al tratamiento. La integración de estos sistemas de creencias ofrece un marco unificado para mejorar las intervenciones y la comprensión de la atención médica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología de la salud
- Medicina del comportamiento
- Sociología médica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las creencias sobre la enfermedad influyen profundamente en las experiencias y respuestas de salud.
- El modelo de sentido común de Leventhal explica la percepción de la enfermedad a través de representaciones cognitivas.
- Las mentalidades ofrecen creencias más amplias y abstractas sobre el significado de la enfermedad, distintas de las percepciones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revise críticamente la percepción de la enfermedad y las construcciones de la mentalidad de la salud.
- Resaltar las fortalezas y limitaciones complementarias de ambos modelos.
- Proponer un marco integrador que une la percepción de la enfermedad y las mentalidades.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión crítica de la literatura sobre la percepción de la enfermedad y la investigación de la mentalidad.
- Análisis conceptual que compara y contrasta las dos construcciones.
- Desarrollo de un marco teórico que integre ambas perspectivas.
Principales resultados:
- La percepción de la enfermedad y las mentalidades son sistemas de creencias distintos pero relacionados.
- Ambas construcciones predicen resultados cruciales para la salud como el funcionamiento y la adherencia.
- La investigación existente sobre las mentalidades en la salud está surgiendo pero es prometedora.
Conclusiones:
- Un marco integrado de percepción y mentalidad de la enfermedad puede mejorar la comprensión teórica.
- La combinación de estos enfoques puede mejorar la precisión de la medición.
- Esta perspectiva unificada puede fortalecer el impacto de las intervenciones de salud basadas en las creencias.
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