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Perfil inicial y evolutivo de los pacientes con respuesta adversa a una intervención intensiva de pérdida de peso: el
Mélina Bailly1, Laurie Isacco1, Frédéric Dutheil2
1Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Research Center for Human Nutrition Auvergne (CRNH), Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Identificar a las personas que recuperan peso después de las intervenciones es crucial. Las personas con respuesta adversa pueden tener perfiles basales más saludables, pero cambios hormonales desfavorables, que afectan el éxito del control de peso a largo plazo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación sobre la obesidad
- Salud metabólica
- Ciencias del comportamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- La identificación de los que responden negativamente a las intervenciones para bajar de peso es esencial para las estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas.
- Comprender los patrones de recuperación de peso a largo plazo es fundamental para la salud pública.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores predictivos de las respuestas adversas a las intervenciones de pérdida de peso.
- Para analizar la evolución a largo plazo de los participantes categorizados por patrones de recuperación de peso.
Principales métodos:
- Una intervención de 3 semanas (dieta y actividad física) seguida de un año de seguimiento en 100 participantes con sobrepeso.
- Los participantes se dividieron en "recuperadores" (grupo A), "recuperadores moderados" (grupo B) y "recuperadores de peso" (grupo C).
- Evaluación de la composición corporal, la ingesta de alimentos, los marcadores inflamatorios y metabólicos y las hormonas de la saciedad (grelina, PYY).
Principales resultados:
- El grupo A (recuperadores) tuvo una ingesta energética inicial más baja y un perfil metabólico inicial más saludable en comparación con los grupos B y C.
- Se observaron puntuaciones de cumplimiento más bajas (dieta + actividad física) en el grupo A durante el seguimiento.
- Las respuestas a la ghrelina y al péptido YY (PYY) a las intervenciones de pérdida de peso se redujeron en el grupo A en comparación con otros grupos.
Conclusiones:
- Los pacientes con respuesta adversa a la pérdida de peso pueden presentar un perfil metabólico menos insalubre al inicio del estudio.
- Los cambios desfavorables en las hormonas reguladoras de la saciedad (ghrelina, PYY) durante el seguimiento caracterizan a los pacientes con respuesta adversa.
- Los factores predictivos para los pacientes con respuesta adversa a la pérdida de peso incluyen la salud metabólica basal y los patrones de respuesta hormonal.
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