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Caries en la primera infancia y factores de riesgo asociados en Túnez: un estudio transversal
Hela Mhiri1,2, Manel Chalbi3,4, Soumaya Kachti3,4
1Hôpital La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia. mhirihala@gmail.com.
Resumen
La caries en la primera infancia (ECC) afecta al 28,7% de los niños, y la ECC severa (S-ECC) afecta al 14,2% en Túnez. La educación de los padres y el peso al nacer son factores de riesgo clave para la caries dental pediátrica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología pediátrica
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las caries de la primera infancia (ECC) y la ECC grave (S-ECC) plantean importantes desafíos para la salud mundial.
- Comprender la prevalencia regional y los factores de riesgo es crucial para las intervenciones específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de la ECC y la S-ECC en la región de Túnez.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo demográficos, socioeconómicos y de comportamiento asociados con la ECC/S-ECC.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal de observación en el que participaron 359 niños de 3 a 5 años de edad de los jardines de infancia de Túnez y Ariana.
- Exámenes dentales para la evaluación de ECC/S-ECC y cuestionarios para los padres sobre los factores de riesgo.
- Análisis estadístico para identificar asociaciones significativas entre los factores de riesgo y la prevalencia de la caries.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de ECC fue del 28,7%; la prevalencia de S-ECC fue del 14,2%.
- La puntuación media de dientes cariados, faltantes y rellenos (dmft) fue de 3,89.
- El nivel de educación de los padres y el peso al nacer mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas con la caries.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio revela una carga sustancial de ECC y S-ECC en Túnez, con notables variaciones regionales en toda Túnez.
- Los resultados ponen de relieve la necesidad de estrategias preventivas y educativas adaptadas en la salud bucal pediátrica.
- La intervención temprana y la mejora de la educación de los padres son esenciales para mitigar la prevalencia de ECC y mejorar los resultados de la salud bucal de los niños.
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