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Mejorar los riesgos de malos tratos para los adultos con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo
Yonsu Kim1, Maxim Gakh2, Seong-Min Park3
1Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Journal of elder abuse & neglect
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Los adultos con discapacidades intelectuales y de desarrollo (IDD) se enfrentan a desafíos continuos en el acceso a la coordinación de la atención y los servicios de apoyo. Las condiciones de salud y las transiciones en la atención aumentan el riesgo de malos tratos, lo que requiere una mejor capacitación del personal sanitario.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Acceso a la asistencia sanitaria para adultos con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo (IDD).
- Factores de riesgo para el maltrato en adultos con IDD.
- Formación del personal sanitario y discapacidades del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- A pesar de las mejoras, los adultos con IDD experimentan dificultades persistentes para acceder a la coordinación de la atención y los servicios de apoyo.
- El aumento de la esperanza de vida y las transiciones de cuidado (de la familia a la institución) aumentan los riesgos de maltrato para los adultos con IDD.
- Las condiciones de salud específicas, como el deterioro cognitivo, se identifican como factores de riesgo para el maltrato en esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la contribución de las condiciones de salud al riesgo de maltrato en adultos con IDD.
- Destacar la importancia de mejorar la formación del personal sanitario para mitigar los riesgos de malos tratos.
- Proponer estrategias para mejorar la seguridad y el bienestar de los adultos con IDD en los entornos sanitarios.
Principales métodos:
- Comentarios basados en la literatura existente y en análisis de expertos.
- Revisión de las condiciones de salud asociadas con una mayor vulnerabilidad.
- Discusión de las brechas actuales en el acceso a la atención médica y los servicios de apoyo para adultos con IDD.
Principales resultados:
- El deterioro cognitivo y otras condiciones de salud aumentan significativamente el riesgo de maltrato.
- La inadecuada coordinación de la atención y los sistemas de apoyo exacerban las vulnerabilidades.
- La transición de la atención comunitaria a la institucional presenta desafíos y riesgos únicos.
Conclusiones:
- Abordar las condiciones de salud y mejorar la capacitación del personal sanitario es crucial para reducir los malos tratos.
- Los servicios de apoyo mejorados y la coordinación de la atención son esenciales para la seguridad de los adultos con IDD.
- Se necesitan medidas proactivas para proteger a los adultos vulnerables con IDD del daño.
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