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Dinámica evolutiva en los plastomas y mitogenomas de las diatomeas
Aimee Caye G Chang1,2, Mailor W W Amaral1, Megan Greenwood1
1Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.
PloS one
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Las diatomeas
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología marina
- La genómica
- Biología evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- Los diatomeas son productores primarios cruciales en los ecosistemas acuáticos, que tienen un impacto significativo en los ciclos biogeoquímicos globales.
- Sus complejos genomas están moldeados por procesos evolutivos que incluyen simbiosis y transferencia horizontal de genes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la dinámica evolutiva de los genomas de las diatomeas utilizando datos del plastoma y el mitogenoma.
- Identificar patrones de pérdida de genes, pseudogenización y reordenamientos estructurales en diversos linajes de diatomeas.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de 120 plastomas y 70 mitogenomas de diatomeas disponibles para el público.
- Genómica comparativa para evaluar el contenido de genes, las tasas de sustitución de nucleótidos y la síntesis.
Principales resultados:
- Las pérdidas de genes y los pseudogenes fueron más frecuentes en los plastomas que en los mitogenomas.
- Los genes específicos (por ejemplo, acpP, ilv, serC) se perdieron con frecuencia en los plastomas, mientras que otros (por ejemplo, mttB, secY) se perdieron recurrentemente en los mitogenomas.
- Los mitogenomas generalmente evolucionaron más rápido que los plastomas, pero los plastomas mostraron más reordenamientos estructurales, con notables excepciones.
Conclusiones:
- Los genomas de las organillas diatómicas exhiben trayectorias evolutivas distintas.
- Los patrones de pérdida de genes proporcionan información sobre las restricciones funcionales y las adaptaciones evolutivas en las diatomeas.
- Los análisis genómicos comparativos son esenciales para comprender la evolución de las diatomeas y sus roles ecológicos.
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