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Cómo los estilos de aprendizaje caracterizan a los estudiantes de medicina, residentes quirúrgicos, personal médico y
Gabriela Gouvea Silva1, Marco Antonio Ribeiro Filho1, Carlos Dario da Silva Costa1
1Center for Studies and Development of Health, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, São José do Rio Preto, 15090-000, Brazil, 55 17982022252.
JMIR medical education
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
Esta revisión de alcance pone de relieve un enfoque limitado en los estilos de aprendizaje en la educación quirúrgica, principalmente en América del Norte y Europa. La investigación futura debería ampliar su ámbito geográfico e incluir al personal médico y a la facultad para mejorar la formación quirúrgica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Investigación en educación médica
- Entrenamiento quirúrgico
- Ciencias del aprendizaje
Sus antecedentes:
- Los estilos de aprendizaje son características individuales que influyen en la eficacia educativa.
- La investigación existente sugiere un vínculo entre los estilos de aprendizaje y las opciones de carrera, incluida la cirugía.
- Se necesita una revisión exhaustiva para organizar los conocimientos actuales sobre los estilos de aprendizaje en la educación quirúrgica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar y mapear sistemáticamente los estudios sobre los estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de medicina, residentes quirúrgicos y profesores.
- Para sintetizar los datos existentes sobre los patrones de estilo de aprendizaje dentro de los programas de formación quirúrgica.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science y PubMed.
- Las palabras clave incluían "aprendizaje, estilo" y "cirugía", con términos MeSH utilizados.
- Se seleccionaron 25 artículos después de una selección inicial de 213 artículos y un análisis independiente.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de los estudios (96%) se basaron en teorías cognitivas.
- Los instrumentos comúnmente utilizados incluyen el método Visual, Aural, Read, Kinesthetic (VARK) (36%) y el Inventario de Estilo de Aprendizaje de Kolb (40%).
- La investigación se concentra en América del Norte (64%) y Europa (24%), centrándose principalmente en residentes quirúrgicos (84%) durante la década de 2010.
Conclusiones:
- La investigación sobre los estilos de aprendizaje en la educación quirúrgica es limitada, geográficamente concentrada y presenta predominantemente residentes quirúrgicos.
- Existen brechas significativas en la diversidad geográfica y en la investigación que involucra al personal médico y la facultad.
- Para mejorar las estrategias educativas en cirugía son esenciales estudios adicionales con un alcance más amplio.
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