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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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El reconocimiento de ARN objetivo impulsa el conjunto complejo PIWI para el silenciamiento de transposones

Júlia Portell-Montserrat1, Laszlo Tirian2, Changwei Yu2

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Molecular cell
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Los ARN que interactúan con PIWI (piRNA) y las proteínas PIWI silencian las transposones formando complejos PIWI*. Estos complejos actúan como plataformas para reclutar efectores aguas abajo, asegurando la integridad del genoma.

Palabras clave:
Proteínas argonautasLas DrosophilaVía PIWI-piRNABiología de la línea germinalBiología de la heterocromatinaBiogénesis del piRNAPredicción de la estructura de las proteínaspequeñas vías de ARNsilenciamiento por transposón

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología molecular
  • La genética
  • La epigenética

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las proteínas PIWI y los piRNA son cruciales para la estabilidad del genoma al silenciar los elementos transponibles.
  • El silenciamiento ocurre a través de vías nucleares y citoplasmáticas distintas que involucran la formación de heterocromatina y la escisión del ARN.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Aclarar el mecanismo de reclutamiento de efectores en el silenciamiento mediado por PIWI.
  • Identificar los complejos moleculares involucrados en el reconocimiento de objetivos guiado por PIWI-piRNA.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis bioquímico de las interacciones proteína-ARN.
  • Estudios in vivo en Drosophila melanogaster.
  • El análisis comparativo evolutivo.

Principales resultados:

  • El compromiso del objetivo por los complejos PIWI-piRNA forma complejos PIWI*, incluidas las proteínas GTSF y Maelstrom.
  • Los complejos PIWI* nucleares reclutan SFiNX para la formación de heterocromatina.
  • Los complejos citoplasmáticos de Aubergine reclutan Spindle-E para la amplificación de piRNA.

Conclusiones:

  • Los complejos PIWI* sirven como plataformas moleculares conservadas que conectan el reconocimiento de objetivos con el reclutamiento de efectores.
  • Este mecanismo proporciona un principio unificador para el silenciamiento mediado por PIWI en todos los compartimentos celulares.
  • Identifica un antiguo mecanismo conservado para la defensa del genoma.