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Los estados psiquiátricos previos al evento predicen trayectorias de angustia relacionada con el evento en Japón

Fumiya Nakai¹, Taiki Oka², Nao Kobayashi³

¹The Department of Decoded Neurofeedback, Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan; Hills Joint Research Laboratory for Future Preventive Medicine and Wellness, Faculty of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.

Journal of affective disorders

|September 5, 2025

Resumen

Las condiciones psiquiátricas previas influyen significativamente en las trayectorias de los síntomas de estrés después de eventos importantes. Comprender estos patrones es crucial para desarrollar intervenciones específicas para los trastornos relacionados con el estrés.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psiquiatría y Psicología
Epidemiología
Estudios longitudinales

Sus antecedentes:

Los trastornos relacionados con el estrés presentan trayectorias heterogéneas y factores modificadores.
Las personas con trastornos psiquiátricos son vulnerables a los eventos de estrés.
El impacto de las condiciones psiquiátricas de la población general en las trayectorias de respuesta al estrés sigue sin estar claro.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo las condiciones psiquiátricas preexistentes modulan las trayectorias de los síntomas del estrés.
Para identificar patrones distintos de cambios en los síntomas de estrés en respuesta a un evento importante (pandemia de COVID-19).
Examinar el papel de los estados psicológicos previos a la pandemia en la predicción de las trayectorias de estrés.

Principales métodos:

Encuesta longitudinal en línea de 3815 adultos japoneses antes y después de la pandemia de COVID-19.
Modelado de mezcla de crecimiento latente para identificar trayectorias de síntomas de estrés.
Análisis de las condiciones psiquiátricas previas a la pandemia y la reactividad al estrés latente.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron cuatro trayectorias distintas de síntomas de estrés: resiliente, crónico, leve crónico y respuesta temprana.
La depresión/ansiedad predijo la trayectoria de respuesta temprana; el aislamiento social fue protector; la carga psiquiátrica general fue un factor de riesgo.
El grupo de estrés crónico exhibió una mayor reactividad al estrés latente, lo que indica una mayor vulnerabilidad.

Conclusiones:

Las condiciones psiquiátricas preexistentes determinan significativamente las trayectorias de los síntomas del estrés.
Estos hallazgos ponen de relieve la importancia de considerar el estado de salud mental previo en la prevención y el tratamiento de las respuestas de estrés desadaptativas.
Las intervenciones adaptadas pueden ser necesarias para las personas con diferentes patrones de respuesta al estrés.

Palabras clave:

Trayectoria de socorro relacionada con el evento Reactividad al estrés latente Psicopatología transdiagnóstica

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