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Ejercicio con sobrevestimiento para la aclimatación al calor: un enfoque multicapa utilizando modelos biofísicos y
Andrew M Greenfield1, Shaun C Brazelton1,2, Billie K Alba1
1Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
La aclimatación al calor es posible sin clima caluroso utilizando un ejercicio práctico con el protocolo de sobrevestimiento. Este método mejora efectivamente la tolerancia al calor en individuos como el personal militar y los atletas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología ambiental
- Ciencia del ejercicio
- Regulación térmica
Sus antecedentes:
- Las rápidas transiciones climáticas plantean desafíos de estrés por calor para los militares y los atletas.
- Se necesitan estrategias efectivas de aclimatación al calor para aquellos que no tienen acceso a entornos calientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y validar un protocolo práctico de ejercicios que utilice sobrevestimiento para la aclimatación al calor.
- Evaluar la eficacia de este protocolo para inducir adaptaciones fisiológicas al calor.
Principales métodos:
- El modelado biofísico identificó los parámetros óptimos de ejercicio (carretera de correr) y sobrepeso.
- Dos ensayos cruzados aleatorios en hombres y mujeres en forma compararon el nuevo protocolo para controlar el ejercicio.
- Se realizaron pruebas de estrés térmico antes y después de un período de intervención de 5 días.
Principales resultados:
- Una sola sesión de ejercicio con exceso aumentó significativamente la temperatura del núcleo y la piel y la frecuencia cardíaca.
- Cinco días del protocolo redujeron significativamente la temperatura de descanso y pico, la temperatura de la piel y la frecuencia cardíaca durante el estrés por calor.
- Las adaptaciones inducidas por el ejercicio con exceso de vestir fueron superiores al ejercicio de control.
Conclusiones:
- Un ejercicio práctico con un protocolo de sobrevestimiento induce efectivamente la aclimatación al calor en un entorno templado.
- Este enfoque ofrece una solución viable para las personas que necesitan aclimatación al calor sin exposición al clima caliente.
- Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la preparación del personal militar y los atletas para condiciones de calor.
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