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Fisiología del reflujo gastroesofágico en el recién nacido
Alexandra Pottorff1, Eric B Ortigoza2, Rinarani Sanghavi1
1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, USA.
Seminars in perinatology
|September 5, 2025
Resumen
La enfermedad de reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es común en los bebés, especialmente en los nacidos prematuramente o en la UCIN. Comprender la fisiología de la ERGE infantil es clave para un tratamiento eficaz.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología pediátrica
- Neonatología
- Fisiología infantil
Sus antecedentes:
- El reflujo gastroesofágico (RGE) es normal en los bebés, pero la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) causa síntomas significativos como vómitos y pérdida de peso.
- La ERGE es prevalente en los bebés, lo que lleva a un mayor uso de la atención médica.
- Los bebés prematuros y los que están en la UCIN representan una población especial con factores de riesgo únicos de ERGE.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la fisiología de la deglución infantil y la motilidad gastrointestinal superior.
- Para examinar la fisiopatología de la ERGE infantil.
- Discutir las diferencias fisiológicas en los bebés prematuros relevantes para el tratamiento de la ERGE.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre la fisiología gastrointestinal infantil.
- Análisis de la fisiopatología que contribuye a la ERGE en los lactantes.
- Concéntrese en los factores fisiológicos específicos del bebé prematuro.
Principales resultados:
- Se detallan la deglución y la motilidad normales del bebé.
- Se explican los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la ERGE infantil.
- Se destacan las principales diferencias fisiológicas en los bebés prematuros.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender la función normal y anormal de la parte superior del intestino del bebé es crucial para el diagnóstico de ERGE.
- Las consideraciones específicas para los bebés prematuros son esenciales para el manejo óptimo de la ERGE.
- Esta revisión proporciona una base para el manejo de la ERGE en lactantes médicamente complejos.
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