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El estigma relacionado con la inseguridad alimentaria entre los adultos en los Estados Unidos: una revisión de
McKenna M Halverson1, Evyn Y Appel1, Valerie A Earnshaw2
1Center for Research in Education and Social Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
American journal of health promotion : AJHP
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
El estigma que rodea a los programas de asistencia alimentaria como SNAP y WIC disuade la participación. Abordar este estigma es crucial para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y la eficacia del programa.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública
- Sociología
- Política de la nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- La inseguridad alimentaria es un problema importante de salud pública en los Estados Unidos.
- El gobierno (SNAP, WIC) y los programas de alimentos de emergencia son recursos vitales.
- El estigma asociado con la utilización del programa puede ser una barrera para el acceso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar el estigma a nivel individual y estructural relacionado con el uso del programa de asistencia alimentaria.
- Para sintetizar la investigación existente sobre el estigma y su impacto en la participación en el programa.
- Identificar las lagunas y las direcciones de investigación futuras para comprender el estigma de la inseguridad alimentaria.
Principales métodos:
- Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, PsychINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts).
- Inclusión de artículos revisados por pares desde enero de 2004 hasta junio de 2024, centrados en adultos estadounidenses e inseguridad alimentaria.
- Estadísticas descriptivas y análisis temático de 99 artículos seleccionados.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de los estudios se centraron en el estigma a nivel individual (57,4%) utilizando diseños cualitativos (62,6%).
- Los adultos con inseguridad alimentaria fueron la población más estudiada (25,2%).
- El estigma anticipado (29,8%) fue la manifestación más frecuentemente reportada, lo que dificulta la absorción del programa.
Conclusiones:
- El estigma tiene un impacto significativo en la participación y la eficacia de los programas de asistencia alimentaria.
- Los responsables políticos y administrativos deben desarrollar y probar estrategias de reducción del estigma.
- La investigación futura debe abordar el estigma interseccional, desarrollar medidas de estigma y evaluar las intervenciones longitudinalmente.
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