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Intervenciones de apoyo al duelo familiar en cuidados paliativos especializados para adultos: una revisión
Torsten Schwalbach1,2, Marco Riguzzi1,2, Myrta Kohler1,2
1Institute for Implementation Science in Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Journal of advanced nursing
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
Intervenciones de apoyo familiar antes y después de un paciente
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cuidados paliativos y investigación sobre el duelo
- Sistemas de apoyo a la familia
- Resultados de la salud mental
Sus antecedentes:
- Los centros especializados de cuidados paliativos ofrecen un apoyo crucial a las familias que enfrentan una pérdida.
- Comprender el impacto de las intervenciones de apoyo familiar en el duelo es vital.
- La evidencia sobre la eficacia y las percepciones familiares de estas intervenciones requiere una síntesis.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para sintetizar la evidencia sobre las intervenciones de apoyo a la familia antes y después de la pérdida en los cuidados paliativos.
- Para evaluar el impacto en los resultados del duelo.
- Explorar las percepciones de las familias sobre la utilidad y los beneficios de estos servicios de apoyo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática rápida de métodos mixtos que se adhieren a las directrices de JBI y Cochrane.
- Evaluación de la calidad del estudio mediante la herramienta de evaluación de métodos mixtos.
- Metaagregación y síntesis narrativa de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos para el período 2004-2024.
Principales resultados:
- El apoyo previo a la pérdida (por ejemplo, intervenciones centradas en la familia, comunicación) puede reducir la ansiedad, la depresión y el dolor posteriores a la pérdida.
- Las intervenciones de apoyo individuales y grupales después de la pérdida pueden disminuir la ansiedad, la angustia y el dolor, al tiempo que mejoran el bienestar.
- Las familias generalmente desean un apoyo individualizado e integral; el estigma y las barreras de acceso pueden impedir la utilización.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones de apoyo a la familia antes y después de la pérdida muestran efectos mixtos pero potencialmente beneficiosos cuando son accesibles y personalizados.
- Se necesita una investigación de alta calidad para evaluar una gama más amplia de resultados de duelo.
- Los profesionales de cuidados paliativos deben personalizar la atención, iniciar el apoyo temprano y garantizar el acceso equitativo a los servicios de duelo.
Palabras clave:
el dueloMuerte y agoníaFin de la vida útilSíntesis de las pruebasIntervención de apoyo familiarapoyo para el dueloRevisión de los métodos mixtosEnfermeríaCuidados paliativosRevisiones sistemáticas y metanálisisMás Videos Relacionados
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