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Influencia de los compañeros y orientación de los estudiantes hacia sus objetivos: un comentario
1Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
The British journal of educational psychology
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
Las relaciones con los compañeros influyen significativamente en la motivación académica y el establecimiento de metas en los estudiantes. Se necesita más investigación para comprender plenamente los mecanismos de esta influencia social en el aprendizaje.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología educativa
- Psicología social
- Sociología de la Educación
Sus antecedentes:
- Las relaciones e interacciones entre pares están constantemente vinculadas a la motivación y el compromiso académico de los estudiantes.
- Los mecanismos a través de los cuales la influencia social impacta la motivación académica no se comprenden bien.
- Comprender la influencia de los compañeros es crucial para desarrollar estrategias educativas efectivas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar cómo se definen y evalúan las metas y los contextos entre pares en relación con la motivación académica.
- Para explorar la relación entre las relaciones con los compañeros y el establecimiento de metas de los estudiantes.
- Investigar el papel de otros contextos sociales en la explicación de la fijación de objetivos de los estudiantes.
Principales métodos:
- Comentario organizado en torno a siete artículos empíricos sobre las relaciones entre pares y la motivación.
- Análisis de estudios que emplean análisis de redes sociales y calificaciones de pares.
- Incluir investigaciones en las que se utilicen evaluaciones por un solo informante de las características relacionadas con los pares.
Principales resultados:
- Las características de la red de pares se correlacionan con las orientaciones de objetivos de logro.
- El apoyo percibido por los compañeros está significativamente asociado con la motivación autorregulada y los objetivos de dominio.
- Se utilizaron diversos métodos para evaluar las relaciones entre pares y su impacto motivacional.
Conclusiones:
- Los contextos sociales, en particular las interacciones entre pares, son fundamentales para la motivación de los estudiantes.
- Se requiere más investigación para dilucidar las condiciones y procesos específicos de la influencia de los compañeros en la motivación académica.
- Los estudios futuros deberían considerar una gama más amplia de contextos sociales que influyen en la fijación de objetivos por parte de los estudiantes.
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