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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Adolescence is a pivotal period of identity formation, during which individuals begin to answer questions central to their sense of self, such as "Who am I?" and "Who do I hope to become?" Both parents and peers play critical roles in guiding adolescents through this complex developmental phase.
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Julian Rotter introduced the concept of locus of control, a cognitive factor that significantly influences personality development and learning. Locus of control refers to an individual's beliefs about the extent of control they have over events in their lives. According to Rotter, this belief system can be categorized into two types: internal and external locus of control.
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Influencia de los compañeros y orientación de los estudiantes hacia sus objetivos: un comentario

Kathryn R Wentzel1

  • 1Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.

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Resumen

Las relaciones con los compañeros influyen significativamente en la motivación académica y el establecimiento de metas en los estudiantes. Se necesita más investigación para comprender plenamente los mecanismos de esta influencia social en el aprendizaje.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología educativa
  • Psicología social
  • Sociología de la Educación

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las relaciones e interacciones entre pares están constantemente vinculadas a la motivación y el compromiso académico de los estudiantes.
  • Los mecanismos a través de los cuales la influencia social impacta la motivación académica no se comprenden bien.
  • Comprender la influencia de los compañeros es crucial para desarrollar estrategias educativas efectivas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar cómo se definen y evalúan las metas y los contextos entre pares en relación con la motivación académica.
  • Para explorar la relación entre las relaciones con los compañeros y el establecimiento de metas de los estudiantes.
  • Investigar el papel de otros contextos sociales en la explicación de la fijación de objetivos de los estudiantes.

Principales métodos:

  • Comentario organizado en torno a siete artículos empíricos sobre las relaciones entre pares y la motivación.
  • Análisis de estudios que emplean análisis de redes sociales y calificaciones de pares.
  • Incluir investigaciones en las que se utilicen evaluaciones por un solo informante de las características relacionadas con los pares.

Principales resultados:

  • Las características de la red de pares se correlacionan con las orientaciones de objetivos de logro.
  • El apoyo percibido por los compañeros está significativamente asociado con la motivación autorregulada y los objetivos de dominio.
  • Se utilizaron diversos métodos para evaluar las relaciones entre pares y su impacto motivacional.

Conclusiones:

  • Los contextos sociales, en particular las interacciones entre pares, son fundamentales para la motivación de los estudiantes.
  • Se requiere más investigación para dilucidar las condiciones y procesos específicos de la influencia de los compañeros en la motivación académica.
  • Los estudios futuros deberían considerar una gama más amplia de contextos sociales que influyen en la fijación de objetivos por parte de los estudiantes.