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Desarrollar una evaluación validada de la asociación entre la familia y la escuela para la salud y el bienestar de

Leah M Lessard¹, Sara T Stacy², Carmen M Culotta²

¹Action for Healthy Kids, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

The Journal of school health

|September 6, 2025

Resumen

Un nuevo instrumento validado, la Evaluación de la Asociación Familia-Escuela (AEFE), mide las asociaciones familia-escuela (AEFE) en la salud infantil. Esta herramienta mejora la salud escolar al mejorar las estrategias de colaboración y las prácticas inclusivas para mejorar el bienestar de los niños.

Área de la Ciencia:

Investigación en salud infantil
Psicología educativa
Política de salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

Las asociaciones entre la familia y la escuela son cruciales para apoyar la salud y el bienestar general de los niños.
Es posible que las medidas existentes no reflejen adecuadamente los matices de los FSP en el ámbito de la salud infantil.
El desarrollo de un instrumento validado es esencial para evaluar y fortalecer estas conexiones vitales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar y validar un instrumento psicométrico sólido para evaluar las asociaciones familia-escuela (FSP), específicamente en el contexto de la salud infantil.
Crear una herramienta fiable que pueda ser utilizada por investigadores y profesionales para evaluar la calidad de los FSP.
Proporcionar un marco para mejorar las iniciativas de salud escolar a través de estrategias de asociación mejoradas.

Principales métodos:

Para el desarrollo de los instrumentos se empleó un enfoque de métodos mixtos en tres fases.
En las pruebas piloto participaron 105 personas: 53 padres y cuidadores y 52 miembros del personal escolar.
Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron el análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y el análisis de factores exploratorios (EFA) utilizando correlaciones policóricas.

Principales resultados:

El instrumento fue refinado a 24 ítems, formando dos factores distintos: "comunicación, compromiso y cultura" (14 ítems) y "oportunidades y apoyos para el compromiso familiar" (10 ítems).
El análisis del componente principal y el análisis exploratorio de factores confirmaron la estructura de factores propuesta.
El refinado instrumento demostró fuertes propiedades psicométricas.

Conclusiones:

La evaluación de la asociación entre la familia y la escuela (FSPA) es una medida factible y psicométricamente válida para evaluar los FSP en la salud infantil.
El FSPA proporciona un marco valioso para mejorar las políticas y prácticas de salud en las escuelas.
Esta herramienta validada promueve prácticas inclusivas y enfoques estructurados para la participación efectiva de las familias en las iniciativas de salud infantil.

Palabras clave:

salud infantil asociaciones entre la familia y la escuela Psicometría Política de salud escolar

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