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Determinantes de los precios y políticas de fijación de precios relativas a las tecnologías sanitarias potencialmente
Nicolas S H Xander1,2, Tom Belleman3,4, Maximilian Salcher-Konrad5,6
1Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. xander@eshpm.eur.nl.
Resumen
Los responsables de la formulación de políticas luchan para fijar el precio de las tecnologías sanitarias innovadoras, equilibrar el presupuesto, el acceso y la innovación. La fijación de precios basada en el valor es prometedora para el acceso de los pacientes, pero persisten lagunas de conocimiento en la fijación de precios de dispositivos médicos y ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Economía de la salud
- Política de salud
- Gestión de la innovación
Sus antecedentes:
- Los responsables políticos se enfrentan a desafíos en la fijación de precios de las tecnologías sanitarias potencialmente innovadoras (pIHT).
- Es crucial equilibrar los presupuestos de atención médica, el acceso de los pacientes y los incentivos a la innovación.
- La evidencia existente sobre los factores determinantes de los precios y las políticas para los pIHT requiere un mapeo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para mapear las pruebas sobre los determinantes de los precios de los PIFT.
- Identificar las políticas de fijación de precios para los productos de alta tecnología en los países del Espacio Económico Europeo (EEE) y de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE).
- Evaluar el impacto de estas políticas en el acceso de los pacientes y la sostenibilidad de la asistencia sanitaria.
Principales métodos:
- Realizó una revisión del alcance de la literatura científica y gris (2014-2023).
- Se incluyeron registros de bases de datos de literatura y organizaciones de partes interesadas.
- Utilizó la bola de nieve y la adición manual para la recopilación completa de datos.
Principales resultados:
- Se incluyeron 135 registros; 15 opiniones detalladas de las partes interesadas sobre los determinantes de los precios, favoreciendo los factores basados en el valor.
- Las políticas de fijación de precios del EEE y de la OCDE son diversas y a menudo combinan intervenciones.
- La referencia de precios externos (EPR) ofrece asequibilidad a corto plazo, pero puede causar inequidades y problemas de acceso.
Conclusiones:
- En la literatura se prefiere la fijación de precios basada en el valor, vinculada a la evaluación de la tecnología sanitaria, para el acceso a la PIFT en lugar del EPR.
- Existen lagunas de conocimiento con respecto a la fijación de precios de los dispositivos médicos, las opiniones exhaustivas de las partes interesadas y las consideraciones medioambientales en la fijación de precios de los productos sanitarios.
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