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El efecto de las intervenciones de ejercicio en los síntomas de ansiedad en personas con esclerosis múltiple: una
Yvonne C Learmonth1, Megan R Hawkins2, Amalia Karahalios3
1Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia; Personalised Medicine Centre, and Centre for Health Ageing, Healthy Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Multiple sclerosis and related disorders
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
El ejercicio muestra un pequeño efecto positivo en la reducción de los síntomas de ansiedad en las personas con esclerosis múltiple (EM). Esta intervención accesible ofrece un enfoque prometedor para el manejo de la ansiedad en la población de EM.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia y rehabilitación
- Psiquiatría y salud mental
- Ciencia del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- Los síntomas de ansiedad son frecuentes entre las personas diagnosticadas con esclerosis múltiple (EM).
- Existe una demanda significativa de intervenciones efectivas y de fácil acceso para controlar la ansiedad en esta población.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar sistemáticamente el impacto de las intervenciones de ejercicio en los síntomas de ansiedad en personas con EM.
- Identificar las características que influyen en la eficacia del ejercicio para reducir la ansiedad.
- Evaluar la calidad de los informes de los diseños de intervención en los estudios pertinentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de ensayos controlados aleatorios de ejercicio con individuos con EM.
- Buscado en varias bases de datos (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDro) hasta noviembre de 2024.
- Se analizaron las diferencias en los síntomas de ansiedad después de la intervención utilizando un modelo de efectos aleatorios, evaluando el riesgo de sesgo con Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificó un efecto positivo pequeño y estadísticamente significativo del ejercicio en la reducción de los síntomas de ansiedad en personas con EM (SMD: 0,26).
- Se observó una heterogeneidad moderada entre los 18 ensayos controlados aleatorios incluidos.
- Se observó un alto riesgo de sesgo en todos los ensayos debido a la dependencia de las medidas autoinformadas y de los participantes no ciegos; información limitada sobre los elementos del diseño de la intervención.
Conclusiones:
- El ejercicio demuestra un efecto beneficioso en el alivio de los síntomas de ansiedad en las personas con esclerosis múltiple.
- El ejercicio representa una opción segura, accesible y que promueve la salud en general para controlar la ansiedad en la EM.
- La investigación futura debe dar prioridad a diseños de ensayos robustos, registro previo y informes detallados de los componentes de la intervención.
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