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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Introduction to Actin01:26

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Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
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The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
Their main function is to guide migrating cells during normal tissue morphogenesis or cancer metastasis by recognizing and making initial contacts with the extracellular matrix. However, they can also act as stationary cell anchors or help to establish communication...
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Aip1p Dynamics Are Altered by the R256H Mutation in Actin
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Interferencia diferencial con la función de la proteína de unión a la actina por la citocalasina B aguda

Christopher Lambert1, Marius Karger2, Xinqi Jiang2

  • 1Molecular Cell Biology Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.

Current biology : CB
|September 6, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La citocalasina B (CB) y D (CD) alteran la dinámica de la actina al aumentar la acumulación de proteínas de unión al extremo puntiagudo, no bloqueando la polimerización como se pensaba anteriormente. Esto revela nuevos conocimientos sobre sus efectos en las estructuras celulares.

Palabras clave:
Complejo Arp2/3Enas y VASPel volumen de negocios de actinaProteína de encapsulamientoCitocalasina y sus derivadosreconstitución in vitroLamellipodio y sus derivadosAplicación localmodo de acciónprotuberancia

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Actin Co-Sedimentation Assay; for the Analysis of Protein Binding to F-Actin
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular
  • La bioquímica
  • Biología molecular

Sus antecedentes:

  • La dinámica de los filamentos de actina es esencial para los procesos celulares.
  • La citocalasina B (CB) y D (CD) se utilizan comúnmente para estudiar la dinámica de la actina.
  • Sus mecanismos moleculares precisos en las puntas de actina no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los efectos moleculares de la CB en las proteínas de unión al extremo del filamento de actina en estructuras celulares dinámicas.
  • Para aclarar los mecanismos precisos por los cuales CB influye en la dinámica de la actina en lamellipodia.

Principales métodos:

  • Imágenes de células vivas de la dinámica de la proteína de unión a la actina fluorescente.
  • Tratamiento agudo de lamellipodia en células migratorias con CB.
  • Reconstitución in vitro de los efectos del CB en las redes de actina.

Principales resultados:

  • CB detiene la protuberancia de lamellipodium, pero aumenta la acumulación de proteínas de unión de extremo puntiagudo como Ena / VASP y proteína de tapa (CP).
  • La acumulación de VASP inducida por CB depende de CP y reduce la rotación de actina y VASP.
  • Los estudios in vitro muestran que la CB aumenta el tiempo de permanencia de las VASP en las puntas de los filamentos.

Conclusiones:

  • Las citocalasinas exhiben una actividad novedosa sobre los factores de unión de los extremos puntiagudos, distinta de la de bloquear la polimerización.
  • Estos hallazgos requieren una reevaluación de cómo CB y CD afectan las estructuras dinámicas de actina en las células.
  • Los resultados proporcionan nueva información crítica para la interpretación de experimentos que utilizan citocalasinas en biología celular.