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Marco de competencias para pacientes con jejunostomía quirúrgica: de la teoría a la práctica educativa
Cécile Auriault1, Jean-François Huon2, Marie De Montrichard3
1Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Pharmacie, F-44000 Nantes, France.
Annales pharmaceutiques francaises
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
Se desarrolló un nuevo marco de competencias y un juego educativo para pacientes con tubos de jejunostomía quirúrgica. Esta iniciativa tiene como objetivo mejorar la educación de los pacientes y reducir las complicaciones asociadas con el uso diario de tubos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación quirúrgica
- Desarrollo de las competencias del paciente
- Gestión de los dispositivos médicos
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes con jejunostomía quirúrgica (tubo de alimentación) se enfrentan a riesgos diarios de complicaciones.
- Existen intervenciones y herramientas educativas limitadas para estos pacientes.
- No se ha establecido un marco de competencia específico para pacientes con jejunostomía quirúrgica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un marco de competencias completo para pacientes con jejunostomía quirúrgica.
- Crear una herramienta educativa atractiva basada en el marco.
- Mejorar la educación del paciente y el apoyo para el manejo de los tubos de jejunostomía.
Principales métodos:
- Un grupo de trabajo multidisciplinario se reunió para establecer el marco de competencias.
- Se utilizó un enfoque basado en el consenso para identificar las competencias clave.
- Se diseñó un juego educativo, el "Jejunostomy Game", basado en competencias prioritarias.
Principales resultados:
- Se desarrolló un marco que comprende 59 competencias (conocimientos, know-how, actitudes).
- Se identificaron veinte competencias prioritarias para la educación centrada en el paciente.
- Se creó el "Juego de Jejunostomía", una herramienta educativa inspirada en Trivial Pursuit®.
Conclusiones:
- El marco de competencias desarrollado y el juego educativo son vitales para los pacientes y los proveedores de atención médica.
- Se recomienda una evaluación adicional del "Juego de Jejunotomía" para evaluar su eficacia en la mejora de los conocimientos y habilidades de los pacientes.
- Esta iniciativa aborda una brecha crítica en la educación de los pacientes para el manejo de la jejunostomía quirúrgica.
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