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El microbioma desbloquea el potencial inmunoterapéutico del cáncer: estado de la técnica y futuro
Han-Yue Luo1, Lei-Ming Cao1, Kan Zhou1
1State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
Seminars in cancer biology
|September 6, 2025
Resumen
El microbioma tiene un impacto significativo en la inmunidad del cáncer, influyendo en la respuesta al tratamiento y en los efectos secundarios. La investigación explora estrategias basadas en el microbioma, incluidas bacterias diseñadas y terapias combinadas, para mejorar la eficacia de la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Inmunología
- Investigación del microbioma
Sus antecedentes:
- La inmunoterapia contra el cáncer ofrece nuevas vías de tratamiento, pero se enfrenta a desafíos como bajas tasas de respuesta y toxicidad.
- El microbioma juega un papel crucial en el desarrollo del cáncer, la progresión y la modulación del sistema inmunológico.
- La influencia microbiana se extiende desde la inmunidad sistémica hasta el microambiente tumoral, afectando las respuestas innatas y adaptativas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para aclarar la relación intrincada entre los microbiomas asociados al tumor en varios sitios (intestino, oral, intratumoral) y la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
- Para resaltar la importancia de los microbiomas no intestinales en la inmunidad al cáncer.
- Categorizar y revisar las estrategias de inmunoterapia basadas en el microbioma.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente sobre el papel del microbioma en la inmunidad al cáncer.
- Análisis de estudios centrados en el microbioma intestinal, oral y intratumoral.
- Categoría de los enfoques inmunoterapéuticos basados en el microbioma.
Principales resultados:
- El microbioma regula críticamente las respuestas inmunes tanto a nivel sistémico como local del tumor.
- Las comunidades microbianas específicas en el intestino, la cavidad oral y los sitios del tumor están vinculadas a la inmunidad contra el cáncer.
- Las estrategias emergentes incluyen inmunoterapia basada en bacterias y bacterias modificadas para un tratamiento mejorado.
Conclusiones:
- La inmunoterapia basada en el microbioma presenta estrategias innovadoras para mejorar la eficacia del tratamiento del cáncer.
- La combinación de la modulación del microbioma con la inmunoterapia puede potencialmente mejorar los resultados y reducir los efectos secundarios.
- Se necesitan más investigaciones para abordar las limitaciones actuales y explorar las direcciones futuras en este campo.
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