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Navegando por la frontera lunar: cien puntos de aterrizaje en el polo sur para futuras misiones

Yongjiu Feng¹, Pengshuo Li¹, Haoteng Li¹

¹College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Tiandu-Tongji University Deep Space Exploration Joint Laboratory, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Planetary Mapping and Remote Sensing for Deep Space Exploration, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.

Science bulletin

|September 6, 2025

Resumen

Los científicos desarrollaron un modelo de Probabilidad de Factibilidad de Aterrizaje (LFP) para identificar sitios de aterrizaje seguros en el polo sur de la Luna. El modelo señala 120 ubicaciones potenciales, priorizando las cruciales para futuras bases lunares y la exploración de hielo de agua.

Área de la Ciencia:

Exploración lunar
Astrogeología
Robótica y sistemas autónomos

Sus antecedentes:

El polo sur lunar, particularmente las regiones por encima de 80 ° de latitud, es un objetivo principal para el descubrimiento de hielo de agua y el establecimiento de bases lunares.
El terreno áspero y los patrones de iluminación complejos en regiones permanentemente sombreadas plantean importantes desafíos de seguridad de ingeniería para las misiones lunares.
Las misiones lunares existentes se han centrado principalmente en las áreas ecuatoriales y de latitud media, dejando el polo sur en gran parte inexplorado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Desarrollar y validar un modelo de probabilidad de factibilidad de aterrizaje (LFP) para evaluar posibles sitios de aterrizaje en el polo sur lunar.
Identificar y priorizar lugares de aterrizaje seguros y científicamente valiosos para la futura exploración lunar y el establecimiento de bases.
Proporcionar una metodología transferible para la selección de sitios extraterrestres en otros cuerpos celestes.

Principales métodos:

Desarrollo de un modelo de probabilidad de viabilidad de aterrizaje (LFP) utilizando un algoritmo genético heurístico (GA) informado por el conocimiento de expertos.
Examen riguroso de los sitios de aterrizaje potenciales con 10 factores críticos para la viabilidad del aterrizaje.
Análisis del agrupamiento de sitios alrededor de los principales cráteres y mesetas lunares para formar redes estratégicas de sitios lunares.

Principales resultados:

Identificación de 120 posibles sitios de desembarco, clasificados en 25 de alta prioridad, 64 de media prioridad y 31 de baja prioridad.
Descubrimiento de 7 redes distintas de sitios lunares, cada una de las cuales comprende 4 sitios dentro de una dimensión de 25 km, agrupados alrededor de 8 cráteres y mesetas principales.
Los sitios seleccionados representan solo el 0,6% del polo sur lunar, lo que indica un proceso de selección altamente selectivo y optimizado.

Conclusiones:

El modelo LFP identifica efectivamente los sitios de aterrizaje estratégicos que equilibran los objetivos científicos con la seguridad de la ingeniería en el polo sur lunar.
Las redes de sitios lunares identificados son ideales para desarrollar bases lunares y redes de observación, facilitando la colaboración internacional.
La metodología desarrollada ofrece un marco robusto para la selección de sitios extraterrestres para futuras misiones a la Luna, Marte y asteroides.

Palabras clave:

Evaluación de la probabilidad de viabilidad Lugares de desembarco de alto valor Selección del sitio de aterrizaje lunar El polo sur lunar Autorecuperabilidad de las reglas de selección

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