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Intervenciones intergeneracionales y su impacto en el envejecimiento activo: una revisión sistemática

Michele Savino1, Lisa De Luca1, Annalaura Nocentini1

  • 1Department of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

International psychogeriatrics
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Los programas intergeneracionales (PIG) mejoran efectivamente el bienestar y reducen la discriminación por edad tanto para los adultos jóvenes como para los adultos mayores. Se recomienda una mayor investigación con métodos estandarizados para fortalecer la evidencia de las estrategias de envejecimiento activo.

Palabras clave:
EnvejecimientoEnvejecimientoEl contactoIntergeneracionalLos programasRevisadoEl bienestar

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Ciencias sociales
  • Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • El envejecimiento de la población mundial requiere estrategias para el envejecimiento activo y la conexión intergeneracional.
  • Los programas intergeneracionales (PIG) son prometedores para mejorar el bienestar y combatir la discriminación por edad.
  • La evidencia existente sobre los IGP que emparejan específicamente a adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores es limitada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Sintetizar sistemáticamente y analizar cualitativamente los actuales programas intergeneracionales.
  • Explorar las principales características y detalles de ejecución de estos programas.
  • Profundizar en la comprensión del impacto de los PIG en los diferentes grupos de edad.

Principales métodos:

  • Búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en cuatro bases de datos (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, ERIC) siguiendo las directrices de PRISMA.
  • Selección de 5554 artículos, con evaluación del texto completo por dos revisores independientes.
  • La inclusión de 26 estudios para la codificación sistemática y la síntesis narrativa.

Principales resultados:

  • Los IGP mejoran constantemente la salud mental, la inclusión social y la cohesión comunitaria, al tiempo que reducen el racismo por edad tanto para los adultos jóvenes como para los adultos mayores.
  • Se informaron resultados positivos para ambas generaciones en el 77% de los estudios; el 19% mostró beneficios únicamente para los adultos mayores.
  • Las diversas intervenciones incluyen programas educativos, comunitarios, de actividad física, de reminiscencia y basados en la tecnología, con dinámicas relacionales y reducción del envejecimiento como focos clave.

Conclusiones:

  • Los PIG demuestran un potencial significativo para fomentar la solidaridad intergeneracional y el envejecimiento activo.
  • La variabilidad de los marcos y metodologías teóricos limita actualmente la comparación directa de los resultados de los estudios.
  • La investigación futura debe centrarse en enfoques estandarizados y evaluaciones equilibradas para mejorar la base de datos para una implementación efectiva de la PGI.