Una presentación concomitante poco frecuente de fiebre tifoidea con bacteriemia y tuberculosis pulmonar

Shuhua Guo1, Minghsun Liu2

  • 1Southern California Hospital Culver City, Culver City, California; Coast Plaza Hospital, Norwalk, California, USA.

Archives of clinical and biomedical research
|September 17, 2025
PubMed

Este informe de caso describe una presentación inusual de fiebre tifoidea y tuberculosis pulmonar (TB) concurrentes en una mujer de 82 años. Fue ingresada por síncope y deshidratación, y inicialmente se sospechó neumonía e infección del tracto urinario (ITU). Los cultivos de orina y sangre identificaron rápidamente bacilos gramnegativos, mientras que la tomografía computarizada mostró lesiones cavilarias en los lóbulos superiores bilaterales y en el lóbulo inferior izquierdo. Los bacilos gramnegativos fueron identificados comoSalmonella enterica subespecie enterica Typhi, y la PCR y los cultivos de bacilos ácido-alcohol resistentes (BAAR) en esputo confirmaron la presencia deMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplejo. El paciente fue tratado tanto para fiebre tifoidea como para tuberculosis pulmonar. Este caso poco común resalta el desafío clínico de determinar si un solo proceso patológico es responsable de múltiples síntomas (la navaja de Ockham) o si múltiples enfermedades están afectando simultáneamente al paciente (el dictamen de Hickam). En este caso, dos infecciones distintas explicaron la presentación compleja. Aunque la fiebre tifoidea fue diagnosticada primero y en raras ocasiones podría asociarse con abscesos pulmonares, las lesiones pulmonares cavitarias son más frecuentes en la tuberculosis pulmonar. Este caso subraya la importancia de considerar múltiples infecciones concurrentes en escenarios clínicos complejos.

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