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DeepSeek-R1 incentiva el razonamiento en LLM a través del aprendizaje por refuerzo
Daya Guo1, Dejian Yang1, Haowei Zhang1
1DeepSeek-AI Team, Hangzhou, China.
Nature
|September 17, 2025
Resumen
El aprendizaje por refuerzo (RL) mejora el razonamiento de los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) sin datos humanos. Este enfoque fomenta patrones avanzados de razonamiento de IA para mejorar el rendimiento en tareas complejas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inteligencia artificial
- Aprendizaje automático
Sus antecedentes:
- El razonamiento general es un desafío central en la IA.
- Los grandes modelos de lenguaje (LLM) y la cadena de pensamiento (CoT) son prometedores, pero requieren extensos datos humanos.
- Las capacidades actuales de LLM son insuficientes para tareas complejas de razonamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Demostrar que el aprendizaje por refuerzo puro (RL) puede mejorar las capacidades de razonamiento de LLM.
- Para evitar la necesidad de trayectorias de razonamiento anotadas por humanos.
- Facilitar el desarrollo emergente de patrones avanzados de razonamiento en LLM.
Principales métodos:
- Implementación de un marco de aprendizaje por refuerzo puro (RL) para los LLM.
- Capacitación de los LLM que utilizan RL para incentivar los patrones de razonamiento emergentes.
- Evaluación del desempeño de los LLM formados en RL en tareas verificables.
Principales resultados:
- El marco RL facilitó patrones de razonamiento emergentes como la autorreflexión y la verificación.
- Los LLM formados con RL superaron a sus homólogos de aprendizaje supervisado en matemáticas, codificación y tareas STEM.
- Los patrones de razonamiento emergentes de los modelos grandes pueden mejorar las capacidades de los modelos más pequeños.
Conclusiones:
- El aprendizaje por refuerzo puro mejora efectivamente el razonamiento de LLM sin demostraciones humanas.
- Los LLM formados por RL muestran un rendimiento superior en tareas complejas y verificables.
- El marco RL desarrollado ofrece un método escalable para avanzar en el razonamiento de la IA y puede guiar modelos más pequeños.
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